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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

InfluÃncia de diferentes fontes de N inorgÃnico na regulaÃÃo da homeostase K+/Na+ e nas respostas fisiolÃgicas de plantas de sorgo forrageiro ao estresse salino / Influence of different sources of inorganic N in the homeostatic regulation of K + / Na + and the physiological responses of sorghum plants to salt stress

Rafael de Souza Miranda 14 July 2011 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho analisar a influÃncia do nitrogÃnio inorgÃnico (N) na regulaÃÃo da homeostase K+/Na+ e nas respostas fisiolÃgicas de plantas de sorgo forrageiro [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], genÃtipo CSF20, submetidas ao estresse salino. Sementes de sorgo forrageiro foram semeadas em vermiculita e apÃs quatro dias, transferidas para soluÃÃes nutritivas contendo N a 5,0 mM, nas formas de NO3-, NO3-/NH4+ e NH4+ e K+ a 0,75 mM. ApÃs oito dias de cultivo, as plantas foram submetidas a estresse salino com NaCl a 75,0 mM. As coletas foram realizadas aos doze dias (antes da aplicaÃÃo do estresse), e com um, trÃs, cinco e sete dias de estresse salino. Analisaram-se o crescimento, os teores de Ãons (K+, Na+, Cl-, NO3- e NH4+) e de compostos orgÃnicos (carboidratos solÃveis, redutores e nÃo redutores, proteÃnas e N-aminossolÃveis), as trocas gasosas e a absorÃÃo de Ãgua. As plantas de sorgo nÃo estressadas cultivadas nas trÃs fontes de N nÃo apresentaram diferenÃas significativas em relaÃÃo ao seu crescimento. No entanto, houve uma forte reduÃÃo do mesmo quando as plantas foram submetidas à salinidade. Os teores de K+ foram severamente reduzidos com a salinidade, no entanto, as plantas cultivadas com NO3-, como Ãnica fonte de N, apresentaram as maiores reduÃÃes. Sob estas condiÃÃes, os cultivos com NH4+ apresentaram maiores taxas de seletividade de absorÃÃo e transporte de K+. O estresse salino aumentou consideravelmente os teores de Na+ em todas as partes das plantas de sorgo, independente da fonte de N, no entanto, os maiores incrementos foram observados nas plantas nutridas com NO3-. Em decorrÃncia do menor acÃmulo de Na+, as plantas cultivadas com NH4+ apresentaram maior relaÃÃo K+/Na+, principalmente na parte aÃrea. De modo geral, os teores de Cl- foram maiores nas plantas cultivadas com NH4+, sendo maiores os acÃmulos nas raÃzes. Os teores de carboidratos solÃveis da parte aÃrea foram aumentados com a salinidade, entretanto, nas raÃzes, pouco ou nenhum efeito do estresse salino foi observado. O conteÃdo de carboidratos redutores, tanto na parte aÃrea como nas raÃzes, foi aumentado nos primeiros dias de estresse, entretanto, aos sete dias, o conteÃdo desses carboidratos foi reduzido em comparaÃÃo aos controles, exceto na parte aÃrea das plantas estressadas e cultivadas com NH4+, que no sÃtimo dia de estresse, apresentaram mais carboidratos redutores que os respectivos controles. Os teores de carboidratos nÃo redutores foram reduzidos com a salinidade nos primeiros dias de estresse, entretanto, foram observados aumentos nos Ãltimos dias de exposiÃÃo ao NaCl, independente da fonte de N. Os teores de amido aumentaram nos primeiros dias de estresse salino, porÃm, aos sete dias, todas as plantas apresentaram reduÃÃo no conteÃdo desses carboidratos. Sob condiÃÃes controle, o conteÃdo de proteÃnas solÃveis e N-aminossolÃveis foram maiores nas plantas cultivadas com NH4+. Jà sob estresse salino, os teores de proteÃnas solÃveis nÃo foram influenciados com a fonte de N, contudo, os teores de N-aminossolÃveis foram significativamente maiores nas plantas nutridas com NH4+. ReduÃÃes na condutÃncia estomÃtica, na transpiraÃÃo e na fotossÃntese lÃquida foram observadas em plantas estressadas e cultivadas com NO3- ou com NO3-/NH4+, entretanto, nÃo houve alteraÃÃes desses parÃmetros nas plantas nutridas com NH4+. Sob condiÃÃes controle, plantas crescendo com NO3- ou com NO3-/NH4+ apresentaram maiores taxas de absorÃÃo de Ãgua, entretanto sob condiÃÃes de salinidade, a absorÃÃo de Ãgua das plantas crescidas com NO3- foi reduzida. Por outro lado, o estresse salino promoveu aumentos na taxa de absorÃÃo de Ãgua das plantas cultivadas com NH4+. A anÃlise em conjunto destes resultados permite concluir que plantas de sorgo cultivadas com o Ãon NH4+ apresentaram uma maior tolerÃncia à salinidade, em decorrÃncia da regulaÃÃo mais eficiente da homeostase K+/Na+. / The aim of this work was to analyze the influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) on the regulation of homeostasis K+/Na+ in sorghum plants [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], genotype CSF20, submitted to salt stress. Sorghum seeds were sown in moistened vermiculite and after four days, transferred to a nutrient solution containing N at 5.0 mM as NO3 -, NO3 - /NH4 + and NH4 + and K+ at 0.75 mM. After eight days of cultivation, the plants were treated with NaCl at 75.0 mM. Plants were harvested at twelve days (before application of stress), and thereafter at one, three, five and seven days after salt stress exposition. It was determined the growth, the concentration of ions (K+, Na+, Cl-, NO3 - and NH4 +) and organic compounds (soluble carbohydrates, reducing and non-reducing sugars, soluble protein and soluble amino acids), gas exchange and water absorption rate. Non-stressed sorghum plants grown in three N sources showed no significant differences in relation to its growth. However, there was a sharp reduction in growth when plants were subjected to salinity. The K+ contents were severely reduced by salinity, however, NO3 --grown plants as sole N source, showed the greatest reductions. Under these conditions, NH4 +-grown plants had higher rates of absorption and selective K+ transport. The salt stress increased significantly the Na+ levels in all tissues of the sorghum plants, regardless of N source, however, the highest increases were observed in plants growing in NO3 -. As a result of Na+ accumulation reduction, NH4 +-grown plants had a higher K+/Na+ ratio, particularly in shoot. In general, the Cl- levels were higher in NH4 +- grown plants, with the greatest accumulations in the roots. The shoot soluble carbohydrates were increased with salinity, however in roots, little or no effect of salt stress was observed. The reducing sugar contents in shoot and roots was increased one day after stress, however, on seventh day, the content of these sugars was reduced when compared to control, except in NH4 +-grown stressed plants, which seven day after stress exposure, had higher amount of reducing sugars than the control. The levels of reducing sugars were not reduced by salinity in the early days, however, increases were observed in the last days of NaCl exposure, regardless of source N. The starch content increased in the early days of salt stress, however, plants at seven days after stress showed less content of these sugars. Under control conditions, the soluble proteins and soluble amino acids contents were higher in NH4 +-grown plants. Already under salt stress, the soluble protein content were not affected due to the N source, however, the levels of soluble amino acids were significantly higher in NH4 +-grown plants. Reductions in stomatal conductance, transpiration and net photosynthesis were observed in NO3 - and NO3 -/NH4 +-grown stressed plants, however, there were no changes in these parameters in NH4 +-grown plants. Under control conditions, NO3 - or NO3 -/NH4 +-grown plants showed higher water absorption, however, under salinity conditions, water uptake of NO3 --grown plants was severely reduced. On the other hand, salt stress promoted increases in water uptake of NH4 +-grown plants. These results suggested that sorghum NH4 +-grown plants showed a greater tolerance to salinity, due to more efficient regulation of homeostasis K+/Na+

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