Emissions of carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels, which may contribute to long-term climate change, are projected through 2050 using reduced form models estimated with national-level panel data for the period 1950-1990. We employ a flexible form for income effects, along with fixed time and country effects, and we handle forecast uncertainty explicitly. We find an "inverse-U" relation with a within-sample peak between carbon dioxide emissions (and energy use) per capita and per captia income. Using the income and population growth assumptions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), we obtain projections significantly and substantially above those of the IPCC. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-27). / Abstract in HTML and technical report in HTML and PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/). / Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the MIT Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, and the National Science Foundation.

by C. Kittel. / "June 10, 1946." / Includes bibliographical references. / Contract OEMsr-262.

Don Gillis wrote Symphony No. 5½ (1947) in order to reconcile the American public with modern art music. By synthesizing jazz (as well as other American folk idioms), singable melodies, and humor, and then couching them into symphonic language, Gillis produced a work that lay listeners could process and enjoy. The piece was an immediate success and was played by orchestras across the globe, but it did not retain this popularity and it eventually faded from relevancy. This study focuses on elements that contributed to the initial efficacy and ultimate decline of the work. Due to its pervasive popular influences, Symphony No. 5½ is a crystallized representation of time in which it was written, and it soon became dated. Don Gillis did not harbor the idea that Symphony No. 5½ would grant him great wealth or musical immortality; he had a more pragmatic goal in mind. He used every musical element at his disposal to write a symphonic work that would communicate directly with the American people via a musical language they would understand. He was successful in this regard, but the dialogue ended soon after mid-century.

The purpose of this paper is to present the non-traditional theo- retical techniques of Erno Lendvai and introduce the application of these techniques in a detailed analysis of the Fifth String Quartet of Bela Bartok. The theories of Lendvai are based on the Fibonacci Series, a series of integers which he assigns to consecutive half-step gradations of the chromatic scale. The numbers 1,2,3,5,8... are manipulated to produce two important cornerstones of his theory, namely mi-pentatony and alpha harmonies. According to Lendvai, mi-pentatony, directly related to the Hungarian folksong idiom, is the basic scale used by Bartok. Alpha harmonies are derived by the intervallic relationships created through the use of Fibonacci numbers. Erno Lendvai's theories, although not widely known, are a partial answer to the analytical problems Bartok's music presents. His con- cepts allow for tertian chords as well as non-tertian harmonies. By basing his theories on the intervallic relationships which comprise the folksong idiom, Lendvai's theories can account for much of Bartok's music. Lendvai's theory, in contrast to traditional tonality, not only allows the tritone interval between roots of chords, but relies heavily upon it. The axis system and relative chord structures establish polar relation- ships which give the same function to chords whose roots are a tri- tone apart. Through the use of polar exchange, it is possible to shift the tonal center by six key signatures, yet never alter the function of the two polarly related chords. The analysis portion of this paper is designed to give a struc- tural, tonal and harmonic overview of each movement, giving particular attention to three areas: pentatony; relative, modally related and substitute chord harmonies; alpha harmonies. These areas assume varying degrees of importance depending on the particular movement. The theories of Lendvai are too new and untried to place them into any kind of perspective at this time. Lendvai's own writings are concerned more with a few specific pieces of Bartok's works which conform neatly to golden section principles, clear cut use of models (1:2, 1:3, 1:5), or alpha harmonies. His writings avoid thses portions of Bartok's music which defy explanation using this methodology.

The earlier symphonies of the 1950s embody a gradual realization of Pettersson’s own unique symphonic style, containing large-scale development, repetition, and reiteration. Symphony no. 5 takes these ideas to the extreme and represents the codification of techniques that are further developed in later symphonies. The present study examines the structure of the symphony from a voice-leading perspective. Included in this study is an analysis of the construction of the piece focusing on the development and expansion of motives that operate as structural determinants and the use of chromatic saturation to create intensity and direction. The use of linear analysis in a post-tonal context makes necessary a section devoted to explicating the graphic notation shown in the analysis and the analytical process of determining linear progressions.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-130). / Sponsored by NASA. NAGW-21 / Terrence W. Fong. / M.S.

The majority of books about Saint-Säens cover his life, compositions, contemporaries, and French music in general. Although his life is well documented, most sources present only brief analyses of his works; there is not one single comprehensive and exhaustive study of the Piano Concerto in F Major, Opus 103, available in the current literature. This study aims at filling the gap by providing other musicians interested in performing this piece with an initial study-guide. The research for this study focuses on several aspects of Saint-Säens' music. The currently available literature and past research is thoroughly examined, appraised, and quoted when relevant to the discussion. The original score of the concerto is analyzed regarding its form, compositional style, and performance indications. Diagrams, charts, and musical examples are presented to illustrate and substantiate the researcher's conclusions. Chapter I presents the topic and purpose of this study, a brief biography of Saint-Säens, a chronological overview of his five piano concertos, and the historical background of the Piano Concerto No. 5 in F Major, Opus 103. Chapter II presents a formal analysis and a compositional analysis of Opus 103. Chapter III presents a perspective of Saint-Säens playing style and performance recommendations by the author. Chapter IV concludes this study by determining the importance of Opus 103 in piano literature and by explaining the reason that performers with professional aspirations should consider including this concerto in their repertoire.

No description available.

Le présent mémoire s'intéresse à la question du patrimoine des villes post-industrielles à partir de l'analyse d'un cas spécifique, celui du processus de patrimonialisation de l'élévateur à grain no 5 de Montréal. En partance d'une relecture d'un débat sur les notions et les pratiques de l'histoire et de la mémoire ayant contribué, dans les années 1980, aux mouvements de l'histoire culturelle et au renouveau de l'épistémologie des sciences historiques, nous interrogeons la construction socioculturelle des patrimoines contemporains, et du patrimoine industriel en particulier. Plus spécifiquement, nous questionnons la participation de ce type émergeant de patrimoine aux transformations des rapports à l'espace et au temps qui caractérisent les villes post-industrielles. Dans cette perspective, notre démarche s'interroge sur l'implication des savoirs historiques et sur leurs tensions constitutives avec la construction de mémoires socioculturelles spécifiques, qui contribuent ainsi à la patrimonialisation d'un objet public urbain. Trois questions centrales président à notre démarche. De qui, de quoi y a-t-il mémoire? De qui, de quoi y a-t-il histoire? Comment les savoirs cultivés et les souvenirs culturels transigent-ils ainsi dans la construction des patrimoines actuels? Le cas du silo no 5 est ainsi examiné à l'aune de deux séries historiques comparées. La première présente la mise en forme d'une description historique du silo no 5, que nous avons construite à partir d'une recherche documentaire de notre cru. La seconde décrit, par le biais d'une analyse comparée, la mise en exposition du silo no 5 telle qu'elle fut réalisée, en 2000, à l'occasion d'une exposition organisée spécifiquement à son sujet par le Centre d'histoire de Montréal. Cette analyse descriptive débouche sur l'exposé de quatre logiques patrimoniales se dégageant du processus de patrimonialisation examiné, qui prennent la forme de tensions imbriquées et paradoxales. Une première logique, qui s'attache aux intentionnalités qui sous-tendent l'action patrimoniale, identifie une tension entre la transformation et la monumentalisation de l'objet, d'où ressort le travail d'une mémoire paradoxalement absente du lieu. Une seconde logique démontre la prégnance de l'urbanité sur le passé propre de l'objet patrimonial, en exemplifiant les tensions qui définissent son intégration et sa dislocation dans le tissu urbain. Une troisième logique, plus proprement culturelle, s'attarde aux tensions du spectaculaire et de l'intervention dans la mise en scène patrimoniale, qui correspondent à des dispositifs caractéristiques de la transformation des nouveaux espaces publics urbains. Ces tensions constitutives culminent enfin dans une logique plus globale de l'objet patrimonial mettant en exergue l'un des enjeux fondamentaux du patrimoine contemporain, et des rapports à l'histoire et à la mémoire qu'il engage. Cet enjeu est celui d'une question troublante d'actualité: les patrimoines actuels parviendraient-ils ainsi à tirer de l'oubli par l'oubli? Fondés sur une « authenticité » nouvelle, les patrimoines des villes post-industrielles imposeraient-ils désormais à l'histoire le verdict de la mémoire? ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Histoire, Mémoire, Sociologie historique, Épistémologie de l'histoire, Ville post-industrielle, Espaces publics urbains, Patrimoine, Patrimoine industriel, Montréal (Québec).

The initial composition of the Fifth Symphony in E-flat Major, Op. 82 was undertaken as a commission to celebrate the composer's fiftieth birthday. Unhappy with the initial efforts, two revisions were then performed; the first was in 1916 and the final revision in 1919. Despite the larger form of the work seeming to have been changed between the 1915 and 1919 versions, the smaller gestures of thematic expression in both versions remained similar. On the surface, it had appeared that the composer had eliminated a movement, changing the 1919 version into a three movement form. This view was not challenged by the composer at the time, and since the earlier versions had either been withdrawn or destroyed, there was no way to compare the original efforts to the final product until recently. In comparing the 1919 version to the original, a definite strong parallel can be seen between the two - despite the changes to form, rearrangement of melodic material, and the seemingly different number of movements. However, the parallel is enough that the 1915 version can be a guide to classifying the 1919 version, an act that has eluded many scholars since the 1920s. Most importantly, comparing the two versions shows that the 1919 version is not a three movement form at all; it is a four movement form that is obscured by the connection of the first and second movements by a thematic bridge that contains elements from both movements, but is not placed within either structure.