Orientador: Noeme Sousa Rocha / Banca: Andrigo Barboza de Nardi / Banca: Renée Laufer Amorim / Resumo: Tumores mamários são freqüentemente diagnosticados em cadelas e apresentam comportamento biológico muito semelhante aos das mulheres, fazendo da cadela um modelo para o estudo comparativo. Nas neoplasias malignas, invasão e metástase são características biológicas que têm influência direta no prognóstico. Com o aumento da disponibilidade de anticorpos para imuno-histoquímica na espécie canina, inúmeros estudos têm sido realizados para prover informações a respeito das transformações celulares que ocorrem durante a carcinogênese e o processo metastático. A p53 é conhecida como "guardiã do genoma" e aparece mutada em cerca de 50% das neoplasias humanas. A p63 possui elevada homologia seqüencial com a p53 e sua função supressora tumoral tem sido investigada. A transição de células epiteliais em mesenquimais (EMT) é um processo fisiológico no qual as células perdem suas características epiteliais e adquirem fenótipo mesenquimal, capaz de permitir a migração celular e esta transição tem sido investigada em participar da disseminação metastática nos cânceres humanos. Assim, este estudo avaliou a presença de p53, p63 e marcadores envolvidos na EMT (TGFβ, pSmad2, E-caderina e Vimentina) em adenomas e carcinomas mamários caninos com e sem metástase. Houve diminuição da marcação para p63 e E-caderina conforme progressão da lesão e o inverso ocorreu com a p53 e Vimentina. O percentual de marcação para o TGFβ não variou, tendo apresentado apenas variação com relação à intensidade de marcação. A marcação do pSmad2 foi diminuída nas células epiteliais neoplásicas e aumentada nas células estromais de acordo com o avanço da neoplasia. Estes achados sugerem que a EMT também ocorra nas neoplasias mamárias caninas e abrem perspectivas para mais estudos nesta área / Abstract: Mammary tumors are often diagnosed in bitches and they are very similar to that occur in women, making this animal an excellent model for comparative studies. In malignancies, invasion and metastasis are important biological features that have direct influence on patient's prognosis. They occur in several pathways and there are several factors that can influence a malignancy until it arrives at a distant site as well as their growth and differentiation into a new tumor. With increasing of availability of antibodies to perform immnuohistochemistry in dogs, numerous studies have been conducted in order to provide more information about the cellular changes that occur in breast carcinogenesis. p53 is a protein that actively participates in cell cycle regulation and appears mutated in about 50% of human malignancies. p63 has a high sequential homology with p53, and despite its known role in embrio development, its tumor suppression function has been investigated. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that occurs during development and wound healing, by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal phenotype allowing migration. Recently, EMT has been investigated in participate on metastatic spread in human cancers. This way, this study assessed the presence of p53 and p63 as well as EMT's involved markers (TGFβ, e-cadherin and vimentin) in benign and malignant mammary tumors, with or without metastasis. Decrease staining of p63 was observed in injury progression, what occur inversely with p53. The TGFβ staining did not vary between groups, presenting only variation in labeling intensity. We also observed that e-cadherin staining was decreased in advanced cancers and they were express vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells. This findings suggest that EMT also occurs in canine mammary neoplasias and give perspectives for... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:51:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 terra_em_me_botfmvz.pdf: 3594541 bytes, checksum: fa3042f201f09e00f6308fe90cef40e1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tumores mamários são freqüentemente diagnosticados em cadelas e apresentam comportamento biológico muito semelhante aos das mulheres, fazendo da cadela um modelo para o estudo comparativo. Nas neoplasias malignas, invasão e metástase são características biológicas que têm influência direta no prognóstico. Com o aumento da disponibilidade de anticorpos para imuno-histoquímica na espécie canina, inúmeros estudos têm sido realizados para prover informações a respeito das transformações celulares que ocorrem durante a carcinogênese e o processo metastático. A p53 é conhecida como “guardiã do genoma” e aparece mutada em cerca de 50% das neoplasias humanas. A p63 possui elevada homologia seqüencial com a p53 e sua função supressora tumoral tem sido investigada. A transição de células epiteliais em mesenquimais (EMT) é um processo fisiológico no qual as células perdem suas características epiteliais e adquirem fenótipo mesenquimal, capaz de permitir a migração celular e esta transição tem sido investigada em participar da disseminação metastática nos cânceres humanos. Assim, este estudo avaliou a presença de p53, p63 e marcadores envolvidos na EMT (TGFβ, pSmad2, E-caderina e Vimentina) em adenomas e carcinomas mamários caninos com e sem metástase. Houve diminuição da marcação para p63 e E-caderina conforme progressão da lesão e o inverso ocorreu com a p53 e Vimentina. O percentual de marcação para o TGFβ não variou, tendo apresentado apenas variação com relação à intensidade de marcação. A marcação do pSmad2 foi diminuída nas células epiteliais neoplásicas e aumentada nas células estromais de acordo com o avanço da neoplasia. Estes achados sugerem que a EMT também ocorra nas neoplasias mamárias caninas e abrem perspectivas para mais estudos nesta área / Mammary tumors are often diagnosed in bitches and they are very similar to that occur in women, making this animal an excellent model for comparative studies. In malignancies, invasion and metastasis are important biological features that have direct influence on patient´s prognosis. They occur in several pathways and there are several factors that can influence a malignancy until it arrives at a distant site as well as their growth and differentiation into a new tumor. With increasing of availability of antibodies to perform immnuohistochemistry in dogs, numerous studies have been conducted in order to provide more information about the cellular changes that occur in breast carcinogenesis. p53 is a protein that actively participates in cell cycle regulation and appears mutated in about 50% of human malignancies. p63 has a high sequential homology with p53, and despite its known role in embrio development, its tumor suppression function has been investigated. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process that occurs during development and wound healing, by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal phenotype allowing migration. Recently, EMT has been investigated in participate on metastatic spread in human cancers. This way, this study assessed the presence of p53 and p63 as well as EMT´s involved markers (TGFβ, e-cadherin and vimentin) in benign and malignant mammary tumors, with or without metastasis. Decrease staining of p63 was observed in injury progression, what occur inversely with p53. The TGFβ staining did not vary between groups, presenting only variation in labeling intensity. We also observed that e-cadherin staining was decreased in advanced cancers and they were express vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells. This findings suggest that EMT also occurs in canine mammary neoplasias and give perspectives for... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

<p>The concept of the photographic truth has had a special status for almost 200 years. Yet with the emerge of digital technology and especially digital photography there has been a loss of the particular connection photography has had in reference to reality. The aim of this study is to see in what ways digitalization has affected the credibility of photography from the perspective of professionals in the field of photography. The digital technology that has enabled the large-scale manipulation of photographies is not, however, the main reason for the decreased credibility of photography. The ongoing discussion about the available possibilities concerning digital imagery and manipulation has had a far more powerful effect on the concept of the photographic truth. Along with these possibilities a post-photographic photograph has seen the light of day. We discuss further some credibility problems caused by this new phenomenon; i.e. the post-photographic photographies can’t be considered to have the same status as the traditional photographies when it comes to presenting reality truthfully. We approached the subject through theory studies and methodically through personal interviews.</p><p>Key words: credibility, digitalization, manipulation, remediation, reality, noeme, and the post-photographic era.</p>

The concept of the photographic truth has had a special status for almost 200 years. Yet with the emerge of digital technology and especially digital photography there has been a loss of the particular connection photography has had in reference to reality. The aim of this study is to see in what ways digitalization has affected the credibility of photography from the perspective of professionals in the field of photography. The digital technology that has enabled the large-scale manipulation of photographies is not, however, the main reason for the decreased credibility of photography. The ongoing discussion about the available possibilities concerning digital imagery and manipulation has had a far more powerful effect on the concept of the photographic truth. Along with these possibilities a post-photographic photograph has seen the light of day. We discuss further some credibility problems caused by this new phenomenon; i.e. the post-photographic photographies can’t be considered to have the same status as the traditional photographies when it comes to presenting reality truthfully. We approached the subject through theory studies and methodically through personal interviews. Key words: credibility, digitalization, manipulation, remediation, reality, noeme, and the post-photographic era.