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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Stochastic Petri Net Models of Service Availability in a PBNM System for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Bhat, Aniket Anant 15 July 2004 (has links)
Policy based network management is a promising approach for provisioning and management of quality of service in mobile ad hoc networks. In this thesis, we focus on performance evaluation of this approach in context of the amount of service received by certain nodes called policy execution points (PEPs) or policy clients from certain specialized nodes called the policy decision points (PDPs) or policy servers. We develop analytical models for the study of the system behavior under two scenarios; a simple Markovian scenario where we assume that the random variables associated with system processes follow an exponential distribution and a more complex non-Markovian scenario where we model the system processes according to general distribution functions as observed through simulation. We illustrate that the simplified Markovian model provides a reasonable indication of the trend of the service availability seen by policy clients and highlight the need for an exact analysis of the system without relying on Poisson assumptions for system processes. In the case of the more exact non-Markovian analysis, we show that our model gives a close approximation to the values obtained via empirical methods. Stochastic Petri Nets are used as performance evaluation tools in development and analysis of these system models. / Master of Science
2

Traitement statistique d'images hyperspectrales pour la détection d'objets diffus : application aux données astronomiques du spectro-imageur MUSE / Statistical hyperspectral image processing for diffuse object detection : application to the astronomical images from the spectro-imager MUSE

Courbot, Jean-Baptiste 13 October 2017 (has links)
Nous étudions le problème de la détection et de la segmentation dans des images extrêmement bruitées. L'application est la détection, dans les données hyperspectrales astronomiques de l'instrument MUSE, de halos (localisés et homogènes dans les images) et de filaments (structures anisotropes à grande échelle). Dans un premier temps, nous. étudions le problème de détection par tests d'hypothèses dans des images hyperspectrales en nous appuyant sur des contraintes de formes spatiales, spectrales et de similarité entre spectres. Nous introduisons ensuite un modèle de champ de Markov couple convolutif, qui permet de poser le problème de détection comme le cas particulier d'un problème de segmentation, tout en apportant un a priori markovien sur la classification recherchée. Ensuite, afin de modéliser les structures orientées dans les images, nous introduisons un modèle de champ de Markov triplet permettant la segmentation simultanée des orientations et des classes. Dans le but de modéliser des structures à grande échelle dans les images, nous introduisons également un modèle d'arbre de Markov triplet permettant la prise en compte simultanée de composantes hiérarchiques inter-résolution et d'homogénéité au sein d'une résolution. Chaque modèle a été validé et comparé à l'état de l'art, puis tous ont été comparés sur des données synthétiques dans le contexte de la détection dans des images hyperspectrales astronomiques. Le manuscrit présente enfin l'analyse des résultats obtenus sur des données réelles issues de l'instrument MUSE. / We study the detection and segmentation problems in extremely noised images. The main application of these works is the detection of large-scale structures in MUSE astronomical hyperspectral images, namely haloes (localized and homogenous in images) and filaments (anisotropie large-scale structures). First, we study the hypothesis-testing detection in hyperspectral images, based on spatial and spectral shape constraints as well as similarity constraints. Then, we introduce a pairwise Markov field model which allows the formulation of the detection problem as a special case of the segmentation problem while introducing a Markovian prior on the result. Next , in order to model onented structures m images, we propose a triplet Markov field model following the ià1ntsegmentation of orientations and classes in images. Finally, we study the modelling of large-scale structures in images by introducing a triplet Markov tree model handling inter-resolution dependancy jointly with homogeneity within resolutions. The two latter models were introduced in the general framework of image segmentation. Each model was validated with respect toits alternatives, then all models were compared on synthetic data in the context of detection within astronomical hyperspectral images. Finally, this document presents the analysis of the results on real MUSE images.

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