La thérapie cognitive (TC) et la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement (ACT) reposent sur de différents principes philosophiques. La TC cible le changement de la forme et de la fréquence des expériences mentales, tandis que le ACT se concentre sur la compréhension du contexte des pensées et des sentiments. L’intégration de ces deux approches thérapeutiques dans une seule thérapie psychologique pourrait s’avérer bénéfique vu que les clients se voient ainsi offerts une plus grande flexibilité et un plus vaste répertoire de stratégies thérapeutiques. Dans le cadre d'une thérapie combinée, les clients pourraient se voir proposer des lignes directrices qui expliquent quand les techniques orientées vers le changement (par exemple, la restructuration cognitive) seraient plus efficaces et quand les techniques d'acceptation (par exemple, la défusion) seraient à privilégier. Un traitement combiné pourrait également être avantageux pour les clients souffrant de dépression qui n'ont pas connu de soulagement de symptômes en utilisant une modalité thérapeutique traditionnelle, grâce à un plus vaste choix d'outils pour faire face à leurs défis. Cette thèse traitera de l'utilité de l'intégration de la thérapie cognitive (TC) et de la thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement (ACT) pour le traitement de la dépression et/ou de la dysthymie dans un contexte de thérapie de groupe. Avec la contribution de deux articles, la justification de l'intégration sur des bases théoriques sera présentée, ainsi que les principaux résultats empiriques d'une étude portant directement sur la question. Le premier article est de nature théorique et décrit la justification pour l'intégration des deux approches thérapeutiques, qui reposent sur des bases philosophiques différentes, pour traiter la dépression et la dysthymie. De son côté, la thérapie cognitive traditionnelle vise à aider les clients à modifier leurs distorsions cognitives et à créer de nouvelles pensées adaptatives. Ce processus, à son tour, peut améliorer l'humeur. La thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement (ACT), quant à elle, vise à aider les clients à développer des stratégies pour mieux accepter et pour se détacher de leurs pensées et émotions angoissantes plutôt que de les restructurer ou d'essayer d’aider le client à s’en débarrasser. Les clients sont encouragés à développer une connexion avec leurs valeurs personnelles et à s'engager à prendre des mesures concrètes pour avancer, malgré leurs états d'humeur difficiles. Il y a aussi d'autres différences importantes entre les deux approches, dont les suivantes: la TC a tendance à se concentrer sur la forme et la fréquence des pensées et des événements mentaux, tandis que le ACT a tendance à se concentrer sur le contexte des pensées, des sentiments et des sensations physiques (Twohig, 2009). En outre, la TC met l'accent sur la réduction des symptômes bouleversants. L’ACT, quant à elle, estime que la réduction des symptômes est moins importante que de vivre selon ses valeurs personnelles (Arch & Craske, 2008). Quoique la réduction des symptômes soit la bienvenue, elle est considérée comme un sous-produit du processus d’acceptation et d’engagement, plutôt que d’en être l’objectif premier. Je propose qu'il soit habilitant d’offrir aux clients des stratégies qui ont pour origine les deux approches thérapeutiques et de leur offrir la possibilité de sélectionner les outils qui conviennent le mieux à leurs réalités personnelles et à leurs personnalités. Le premier article théorique traitera de l'utilisation de directives particulières que j'ai compilées pour aider les clients à sélectionner les stratégies les mieux adaptées des deux approches contrastées. Certains chercheurs ont été source d'inspiration, et leurs théories sont présentées dans le premier article. Le deuxième article est de nature empirique et présente les résultats de mes recherches sur la faisabilité de la combinaison des thérapies cognitives et d’acceptation et d’engagement dans un échantillon communautaire de participants souffrant de dépression et/ou de dysthymie. Sur une période de deux ans, quatre groupes consécutifs ont été vus dans une clinique communautaire, dont 24 participants ont complété un traitement d’une durée de 15 semaines. Des données post-traitement et de suivi ont démontré que les participants étaient satisfaits à l'égard du traitement, et qu’ils ont connu des diminutions importantes de la gravité de la dépression et des augmentations significatives de leur qualité de vie sur les cinq périodes d’étude. Les résultats confirment qu’il est acceptable et faisable d'intégrer deux approches différentes (la TC et le ACT) pour traiter la dépression et/ou la dysthymie. / Abstract : Cognitive therapy (CT) and Acceptance and Commitment therapy (ACT) have been shown to be effective in treating depression. Though integrating ACT with CT is used for the treatment of anxiety, there is a paucity of integrated CT and ACT treatments for depression and/or dysthymia. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of integrating CT and ACT into a manualized group therapy treatment for depression and/or dysthymia. Over a period of two years, four consecutive groups were held at a community clinic, with 24 completing the 15-week treatment. Post-treatment and follow-up data revealed satisfaction with the treatment, significant decreases in depression severity, and significant increases in quality of life over the five time points. The results support the acceptability and feasibility of a manualized integrated CT/ACT group therapy program for depression and dysthymia.

The aim of this study was to explore psychotherapists‘ practice of mindful acceptance. I employed the hermeneutic phenomenological approach with the intention of creating thick descriptions of how mindful acceptance is performed in therapy sessions with clients by psychotherapists with backgrounds in mindfulness. The findings for this study came from a variety of sources including, pre-interview questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, field notes, and feedback from member checks with participants. The results pointed to four themes: 1) recognizing, 2) allowing, 3) befriending, and 4) accepting self and others. The participants‘ practice of mindful acceptance was facilitated by various psychological processes including 1) decentering, 2) exposure, 3) emotion regulation, 4) self-acceptance, and 5) compassion. In their descriptions of mindful acceptance, the participants were able to simultaneously demonstrate acceptance of their internal processes and acceptance of their clients. The participants‘ accounts suggest that intrapersonal and interpersonal processes of acceptance are one and the same and that, in effect, to accept ourselves is to accept others. This study, in a context-specific way, provides accounts of how acceptance of clients can be done. The results of this study have implications for future therapist training and as well as therapist self-care.

On June 14th, 1965, Atlantic Acceptance Corporation Limited, a major Canadian finance company failed to meet a $5 million matured short-term secured note and three days later the company was placed in receivership by Montreal Trust Company, the trustee. This thesis represents a study of the growth, development and collapse of Atlantic Acceptance, and the effects of that collapse on the structure of liabilities and the quality of reporting on the activities of finance and consumer loan companies in Canada. From the outset, I would like to bring to the reader's attention the fact that this thesis was completed before the findings of the Ontario Royal Commission on the collapse of Atlantic were made public. The evidence presented to the Commission has been so voluminous and intricate, that after more than two years of study, Mr. Justice Hughes of the Ontario Supreme Court, who served as Chairman of the Ontario Royal Commission on Atlantic, has not yet been able to present his report. It is expected that the above report will be made public later this year (1968). The thesis is divided into three Chapters. Each Chapter is divided into sections which might in themselves have been treated as chapters, except that to do so would have, in my view, broken the continuity of the study. Chapter I serves as an introduction to Atlantic. Here the reader will learn that over the life of the company, especially in the early nineteen-sixties, Atlantic Acceptance Corporation was completely out-performing the Canadian finance industry. In the Appendix to Chapter I, tables are drawn up to trace the growth pattern of Atlantic Acceptance. Chapter I also discusses the general nature of the finance industry, and the methods in which finance companies finance their assets. It concludes by investigating the financing techniques employed by Atlantic Acceptance Corporation. Chapter II is a study of the precipitating factors in the collapse of Atlantic Acceptance. Here, the Haves Lending Model is presented as a normative model for the conduct of the affairs of financial institutions. The rather exhaustive and comprehensive evidence on Atlantic's lending, management and auditing practices presented in this Chapter, indicates that the affairs of Atlantic Acceptance and its subsidiaries were not conducted in accordance with the principles collected and published by Professor Douglas Hayes. In Chapter II it will be learned that Montreal Trust Company, the trustee, brought legal action against the President of Atlantic and members of the accounting firm which audited the subsidiaries, alleging a conspiracy on the part of the defendants and each of them to defraud the plaintiff. In Chapter III the concern is with the effects of the collapse of Atlantic Acceptance on the structure of liabilities and the quality of reporting on the activities of finance and consumer loan companies in Canada. Evidence is presented to show that: (1) as a result of Atlantic's collapse, finance and consumer loan companies in Canada saw a flight of funds out of their short-term paper, and an increase in their use of bank borrowings and advances from parent and associated companies; (2) the collapse of Atlantic has led the finance and consumer loan industry and the Investment Dealers Association of Canada to develop a new improved method of reporting on the activities of finance and consumer loan companies in Canada. Since March 1967, minimum standards of reporting for all finance and consumer loan companies doing business in Canada have been: audited financial statements, appropriate Robert Morris Associates questionnaires, and the Canadian Sales Finance Long Form Report. Since finance companies in Canada are now major intermediaries in both the commercial and financial industries, we conclude that there should be a special Act of Parliament under which their operations are conducted. This Act should be known as the Finance Company Act. There should also be an Inspector of Finance Companies with similar powers to those given the Inspector of Chartered Banks, and finance companies should be brought into a closer working arrangement with the Bank of Canada so that they would be made more responsive to monetary policy. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

This study developed and empirically examined a model to help understand how key individuals in businesses decide on whether or not to buy and utilise technology in the context of managing their obligations in relation to business taxes. In restricting the frame of reference to a taxation context, it enabled a link to be made to individual decision making, as it is ordinarily the case that one lead buyer is evident in the context of tax and technology in organisations. The model was developed from a review of extant literature in the areas of technology acceptance, behavioural intention, and consumer and business buying models. The overall model was built on a framework that has at its core the Augmented Technology Acceptance Model (Taylor & Todd, 1995a). A correspondence between attitude to use of the technology and product quality is theorised, allowing a connection to a wider model of purchase intention. The initial model was developed with thirteen hypotheses, ultimately leading to an examination of intention to buy tax technology. After an initial pilot study, in the main study a questionnaire was designed to capture empirical data for measurements related to the model. Data collected from 125 informants (i.e. senior tax staff in large organisations) about tax technology buying decisions they were currently considering was used to empirically test the model, using Structural Equation Modelling. The low sample size caused a need to simplify the original model to retain statistical power. This had the result of reducing the number of hypotheses to ten. The analysis was performed testing the measurement model and the model fit and thereby investigating its underlying hypotheses. The results supported the key hypotheses and the overall explanatory power of the model in examining intention to buy tax technology was strong. The use of technology acceptance principles as core to helping explain buying intention for tax technology was strongly supported. Only one hypothesis was not supported, relating to a proposed positive relationship between Relationship Quality and Intention to Buy constructs. Potential explanations for this finding with regard to relationship quality were introduced. The general research contributions and implications of the study were also discussed.

The present study sought to evaluate whether a brief ACT session which utilized values and committed action activities was effective in changing how student veterans responded on two different discounting surveys. Participants in experimental and control groups completed a monetary temporal discounting survey and a death probability discounting survey before and after completing either a brief ACT session or completing a control activity. Twenty-three student veterans participated in the present study and a pre-, post-group control group design was utilized to evaluate the effects of the intervention. Independent t-tests were conducted, and the results of those analyses showed that ACT was effective in decreasing discounting on the monetary temporal discounting survey (t(10) = 1.997, p = 0.0368) when compared to the control group (t(11) = 0.2088, p = 0.4192). However, there were no statistically significant changes on the death probability survey in the ACT group (t(10) = 0.2459 p = .4504) or control group (t(11) = 0.8784, p = 0.1992). Implications of these findings and future research are discussed.

Rock climbing has been growing increasingly popular in the United States and around the world. Rock climbers frequently climb in the presence of fear and anxiety. Often climbers make mistakes while climbing that increase the potential for accidents and injuries. One area in which behavioral interventions have targeted sports performance is through the use of acceptance and commit training methods. Research has suggested that components of ACT may improve athletic performance such as present moment awareness, values clarification, and acceptance of challenging thoughts while performing. Studies have looked at the effects of training athletes within various sports such as basketball, powerlifting, swimming and golfing. Common skills that have been targeted include flow, attention to task, and goals/values identification. At this time, there has not been any research examining the impact of ACT on rock climbing performance. The current study examined the effects of ACT on rock climbing performance in two participants who frequently engaged in recreational rock climbing in a multiple baseline design across participants. Participants received ACT lessons prior to climbing and were assessed on falls and errors, speed, and heart rate. Results for both participants demonstrated improvements in decreasing falls and errors and increasing speed. There was no effect seen on heart rate. A second component of feedback on errors was added for participant one to further reduce errors.

This study discusses the acceptance level of cryptocurrency in countries of the world. Study takes a deep dive on what does affect the acceptance level of cryptocurrency and what should be expected if same changes would to happen in countries income level, technological level, financial level, and education level. The study gives an overview of current up to date situation of cryptocurrency. In this research we have conducted a cross-sectional data analysis of cryptocurrency acceptance level for year 2021. Study is focused on both decentralized and centralized acceptance level thus why the research has treated both transactions volume on exchanges and Defi. The study found that countries with higher income could have higher acceptance level of cryptocurrency, but the effect is not that immense. Other factors such as education, financial access and internet access had an inconclusive effect on the acceptance level. The study also shows that there is no prove of that pervious qualitative research result upholds or have any systematic relation with quantitative research results.

Fibromyalgia has a significant impact on the lives of patients; symptoms are influenced by psychological factors, such as psychological flexibility and catastrophizing. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of these variables in moderating the association between the severity and impact of fibromyalgia symptoms. A total of 187 patients from a general hospital population were evaluated using the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). A series of multiple regression analyses were carried out using the PROCESS macro and decision tree analysis. The results show that psychological flexibility modulates the relation between severity and the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms. Catastrophism has residual importance and depends on the interaction with psychological flexibility. Interaction occurs if the severity of the disease is in transition from a mild to a moderate level and accounts for 40.1% of the variance in the sample. These aspects should be considered for evaluation and early intervention in fibromyalgia patients.

Three studies examined the impact that feelings of acceptance and belonging have on self-control abilities. Study 1 examined the relationship between self-reported selfcontrol in a broad range of day-to-day activities and perceived acceptance by family and friends; results showed a significant positive correlation between perceived acceptance and self-control. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated feelings of belonging and examined subsequent self-control on two separate tasks. Participants in the increased belonging group ate significantly fewer cookies (Study 2) and were more likely to delay gratification (Study 3) than participants in the decreased belonging group. There was no difference between the decreased belonging and control groups on delay of gratification in Study 3. The results from the present studies suggest that greater feelings of belonging and acceptance may bolster one's ability to exert selfcontrol.

OBJECTIVE:: Evidence-based interventions for pill swallowing training exist but are primarily implemented in pediatric specialty hospitals. Given increasing interest in the translation of brief and effective interventions to the wider population, there is a need to examine medication acceptance in a normative sample. METHODS:: Participants (N ≤ 304) completed the Medication Acceptance Survey, which assessed child/adolescent liquid and pill medication history and acceptance as well as parental interest in pill swallowing training. RESULTS:: Results showed that 30 "40% of youth had rejected/refused a pill or liquid formulation. Over half were unable to swallow a standard size pill or small capsule. Despite these difficulties, most parents did not express interest in an empirically supported pill swallowing training intervention. CONCLUSIONS:: The results provide directions for future research as well as the translation of pill swallowing interventions to primary care.