Lam Tsz Yan. / Thesis submitted in: October 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Publications --- p.vii / Abbreviations --- p.ix / Contents --- p.x / Chapter 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Obesity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Pathophysiology --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Central obesity --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2. --- Diabetes --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Overview --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Pathophysiology --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3. --- Lipolysis --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Proteins participating in triglyceride lipolysis --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.1.1. --- Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.1.2. --- Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.1.3. --- Perilipins --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Abnormal regulation of lipolysis in obesity --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Disturbed lipolysis in insulin resistance --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4. --- Pharmacotherapy --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Obesity --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1.1. --- Orlistat --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1.2. --- Sibutramine --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.1.3. --- Others --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Diabetes --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2.1. --- Modulation of the β-cells functions --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2.2. --- Control of glucose output --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2.3. --- Modulation of carbohydrate absorption --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2.4. --- Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5. --- Animal models used in type 2 diabetes and obesity research --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6. --- Aim of study --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- β-Adrenoceptors (β-ARs) --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Hormonal control of lipolysis --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1.1. --- Catecholamines --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1.2. --- Insulin --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Folic acid (folate) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2.1. --- Physiological roles of folate --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2.2. --- Folate deficiency and its consequences --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.2.3. --- Hyperhomocysteinemia --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.2.4. --- Pleiotropic effects of folate --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2.5. --- Role of folate in type 2 diabetes and obesity --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Lingzhi --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3.1. --- Triterpenoids --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.3.2. --- Polysaccharides --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2. --- Materials and methods --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Materials --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- Composition of physiological salt solution --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- Materials used in lipolysis experiment --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.1.3. --- Materials used in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1.4. --- Materials used in Western blotting --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.1. --- Lipolysis experiment --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.1. --- Animals --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.2. --- Drug administration --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3. --- Isolation of adipocytes --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.4. --- Lipolysis measurement --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.5. --- Data analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.2. --- RT-PCR --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.1. --- Tissue preparation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.2. --- RNA extraction --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.3. --- Reverse transcription (RT) --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.4. --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.5. --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.2.6. --- Data representation and analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2.3. --- Western blotting --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.1. --- Tissue preparation --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.2. --- Protein extraction --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.3. --- Western blotting --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.3.4. --- Data representation and analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3. --- Results --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Studies on the β-adrenoceptor-mediated lipolytic response in +m/+db and +db/+db mice --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1.1. --- Effect of β2-adrenoceptor agonist on lipolysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1.2. --- Effect of β3-adrenoceptor agonists and their antagonists on lipolysis --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.1.3. --- Effect of non-selective β-adrenoceptor agonists and their antagonists on lipolysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3.1.4. --- Effect of modulators of intracellular cyclic nucleotide monophosphate on lipolysis --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.1.5. --- Effect of exogenously delivered nitric oxide on lipolysis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.1.6. --- Gene expression of β-adrenoceptors in white adipose tissue --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.1.7. --- Protein expression of β-adrenoceptors in white adipose tissue --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- Effect of folic acid treatment on lipolysis --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Determination of body weight --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Effect of β2-adrenoceptor agonist on lipolysis --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.2.3. --- Effect of β-adrenoceptor agonists on lipolysis --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2.4. --- Effect of non-selective β-adrenoceptor agonist on lipolysis --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.2.5. --- Effect of modulators of intracellular cyclic nucleotide monophosphate on lipolysis --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.2.6. --- Effect of exogenously delivered nitric oxide on lipolysis --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.2.7. --- Gene expression of β-adrenoceptors in white adipose tissue --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.2.8. --- Protein expression of β-adrenoceptors in white adipose tissue --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- Effect of Lingzhi (water-extract) treatment on lipolysis --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.3.1. --- Determination of body weight --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.3.2. --- Lipolytic effect of forskolin --- p.54 / Chapter 3. --- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-y (PPAR-γ) --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1. --- Introduction --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.1.1. --- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.1.1.1. --- "PPAR-γ in obesity, lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes" --- p.91 / Chapter 3.1.1.1.2. --- PPAR-γ in inflammation and atherosclerosis --- p.92 / Chapter 3.1.1.2. --- PPAR-γ and thiazolidinediones --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2. --- Materials and method --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Materials --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.1.1. --- Composition of physiological salt solution --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.1.2. --- Materials used in lipolysis experiment --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.1.3. --- Materials used in RT-PCR --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.1.4. --- Materials used in Western blotting --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Methods --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.2.1. --- Lipolysis experiment --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.2.2. --- RT-PCR --- p.96 / Chapter 3.2.2.3. --- Western blotting --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3. --- Results --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Effect of PPAR-γ agonists on lipolysis --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Gene expression of PPAR-γ in white adipose tissue --- p.97 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Protein expression of PPAR-γ in white adipose tissue --- p.97 / Chapter 4. --- 3-Hydoxy-3-MethylgIutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular diseases --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Statins --- p.106 / Chapter 4.1.2.1. --- Modes of action --- p.107 / Chapter 4.1.2.2. --- Therapeutic efficacy of statins --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.2.2.1. --- Diabetes --- p.108 / Chapter 4.1.2.2.2. --- Coronary artery disease --- p.109 / Chapter 4.1.3. --- Distribution and expression of HMG-CoA reductase --- p.109 / Chapter 4.2. --- Materials and method --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Materials --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.1.1. --- Composition of physiological salt solution --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.1.2. --- Materials used in lipolysis experiment --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.1.3. --- Materials used in RT-PCR --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.1.4. --- Materials used in Western blotting --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Methods --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.2.1. --- Lipolysis experiment --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.2.2. --- RT-PCR --- p.111 / Chapter 4.2.2.3. --- Western blotting --- p.111 / Chapter 4.3. --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Effect of statins on lipolysis --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase in various internal organs --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Protein expression of HMG-CoA reductase in various internal organs --- p.113 / Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.122 / Chapter 5.1. --- β-adrenoceptor-mediated lipolysis --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2. --- Studies on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ --- p.140 / Chapter 5.3. --- Studies on HMG-CoA reductase --- p.142 / Chapter 5.4. --- Further studies --- p.147 / Chapter 5.5. --- Conclusions --- p.148 / Chapter 6. --- References --- p.152

No description available.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on the cognitive functioning, learning difficulties, and behavioral problems in children between the ages of 7 and 12. The sample was composed of elementary school children living in Ankara, Turkey. Data was collected by administering demographic information form, Children&rsquo / s Depression Inventory (CDI), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children&ndash / Revised (WISC-R), and Specific Learning Disability Scale. One-way ANOVAs were employed to examine the differences among the levels of parental education, income, school achievement, and child&rsquo / s adherence to IDDM in terms of WISC-R scores, learning difficulty related variables, behavioral problems, and depression. Results revealed that children with low adherence to IDDM were more likely to experience behavioral problems and depression. T-tests were conducted to examine the mean differences between IDDM and control groups in terms of WISC-R scores, and the variables related to learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and depression. As compared to control group, children with IDDM had lower WISC-R information, similarities, arithmetic, and total scores. Also, children with IDDM had lower achievement in several arithmetic, reading, and writing tasks. Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the effect of IDDM adherence, age of onset, and illness duration on cognitive functioning, learning, and behaviors. The results did not reveal any significant effect of IDDM related variables on children&rsquo / s cognitive functioning, learning, or behaviors. Findings were discussed with reference to the relevant literature. Implications of the study were discussed and future research topics were suggested.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-243). Also available on the Internet.

Medicinal plants, as part of traditional ingestion practices, may contain antioxidants to combat the oxidative stress which is implicated in prediabetes as well as many of the complications of diabetes, As Indigenous Peoples move further from their traditional lifestyles, and therefore their use of medicinal plants, incidence of diabetes has increased dramatically, Those medicinal plants of the boreal forest that have been used for 3 or more symptoms of diabetes or its complications were selected for analysis. Three different assays (DPPH, NBT/xanthine oxidase and DCF/APPH) determined the antioxidant activity of 35 medicinal plant species. The majority of the species (89%) had free radical scavenging activity significantly greater than the market produce tested (Tukey, P < 0.05), 63% had superoxide scavenging activities similar to vitamin C, and eight species had free radical scavenging activity similar to green tea. Considering that many of these species are also used for food or beverage they represent an antioxidant benefit to the traditional lifestyle. Among the parts used medicinally, roots and barks were used the most frequently with activity in the order of fruit > bark > leaves > roots. The perennials selected had activity in rank trees > shrubs > herbs and the activity associated with habitat found rocky areas > woodland > wet/boggy habitats. Species used for symptoms such as diarrhea, rheumatism, tonic and heart/chest pain were typically high in antioxidant activity. Using cluster analysis it was determined that species used for diarrhea and heart disease as well as those used for a combination of tonic, sores, urinary, blood, pregnancy and boils could also be species with high antioxidant activity. The greater the number of symptoms a species was used for, the greater the activity. Three species with high antioxidant activities, Rhus hirta, Cornus stolonifera and Solidago canadensis, inhibited TNF production in human macrophage cells suggesting a po

[Truncated abstract] Cardiovascular reflex control of the vasculature is important in maintaining adequate tissue oxygenation in the face of disturbances in physiological homeostasis. Alterations in blood oxygen levels and blood distribution evoke integrated neural, mechanical and humoral responses which modulate peripheral vasomotor tone to maintain systemic cardiovascular integrity. The balance between the local effects of hypoxia and changes in chemoreflex control of vascular tone during hypoxia determine whether net vasoconstriction or vasodilatation is evident in the peripheral vasculature. The mechanisms contributing to hypoxic vasodilatation per se have not previously been defined in healthy humans. Study 1 of this thesis (Chapter 3) investigated the mechanisms contributing to vasomotor responses to chemoreflex activation in the human forearm ... Study 2 (Chapter 4a) investigated the mechanisms controlling vasomotor responses to isocapnic hypoxia in subjects with type 2 diabetes ... Study 3 (Chapter 5) compared the vascular responses to decreased venous return in individuals with and without right atrial afferent innervation ... The results of this thesis indicate that in healthy humans isocapnic hypoxia induces sympathetic vasoconstriction, which masks underlying β-adrenoceptor mediated vasodilatation. The normal vasomotor response to isocapnic hypoxia is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Despite intact vasoconstrictor responses, subjects with type 2 diabetes exhibited attenuated adrenaline-mediated vasodilatation compared to healthy control subjects, suggesting that the chemoreflex in these subjects is ill-equipped to respond to hypoxic stress. In clinical terms, impaired reflex vasomotor

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of General Practice, 2005. / Includes publications published as a result of ideas developed in this thesis, inserted at end. "April 2005" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-242).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 177 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-154).