Invasion of renal cell carcinoma into the renal vein has a detrimental effect on the prognosis as this is an important tumour dissemination route. Determination of renal vein invasion is vital to accurate pathological staging. The purpose of this study is to determine if perfusing with formalin and probing the veins of radical nephrectomy specimens allows for easier visualization of the veins and an improved diagnosis of vascular invasion. In this study, 28 radical nephrectomy specimens were examined using renal vein probing and perfusion techniques. The tumours were segregated based on size, Fuhrman grade and tumour type. Comparison of the study tumours versus renal tumours examined in 2009 that were not perfused and probed were based on these groupings. There was a trend to identifying more renal vein invasion, especially for tumours 4.1 to 7.0 cm in diameter, but this did not result in statistical significance in this small study group.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 17-18).

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1977.

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: To determine the cost of treatment of oral and intravenous n-acetylcysteine (IV NAC) in acute acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity using the length of treatment and length of hospital stay. Methods: A retrospective chart review of Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center electronic records from 2009-2012 and January-June 2013 were evaluated. The following information was collected: age, sex, use oral or intravenous NAC, length of treatment, length of hospital stay (intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU) and use of antiemetic. The mean length of stay (MLOS) was calculated for each group as well as the cost of IV and oral NAC. These means were then compared using t-test for independent groups to test for significance. The average total cost of IV and oral NAC treatment was calculated by using monetary values from primary literature. A sensitivity analysis was performed to test the possible effects of an increase or decrease of the final costs by 5 to 10%. Main Results: Patients (≥18 yrs) being treated with IV or oral NAC for acute APAP toxicity (≤8 hours prior to ingestion) were included in this study. A total of 47 patients met the inclusion criteria. Length of hospital stay was shorter in patients receiving IV NAC (42.5% 24-24hr; 37.5% 48-72hr) compared to patients receiving oral NAC (28.6% 48-72hr, 71.4% >72hrs; p<0.001). Total cost of ICU/non-ICU stay in patients receiving IV NAC ($8,720/$3010) was less than patients receiving oral NAC ($12,321/$4703); however, cost of IV NAC-extended (37hrs) in ICU/non-ICU ($13,153/$5535) was greater than oral NAC. The sensitivity analysis performed demonstrated that an increase or a decrease by 5 to 10% in change of cost does not affect our final conclusion. Conclusion: The cost of treatment of IV NAC is lower due to shorter LOS of patients treated with IV NAC (p<0.001). However, when an extended course of treatment is medically necessary for patients on IV NAC then the cost of treatment with IV NAC exceeds the cost of treatment with oral NAC.

by Cindy Sui Tee Aun. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-184). / Table of contents --- p.ii / Signed statement --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / List of tables --- p.xi / List of figures --- p.xiii / List of abbreviations --- p.xv / Publications and presentations resulting from the work of the thesis --- p.xviii / Chapter SECTION I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Hypothesis and Objective --- p.3 / Review of literature --- p.4 / Research plan --- p.28 / Chapter SECTION II --- METHODS --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Research methods --- p.32 / Equipment --- p.34 / Assay and protein binding of propofol --- p.38 / Pharmacokinetic analysis --- p.42 / Statistical methods --- p.48 / Chapter SECTION III --- INDUCTION OF ANAESTHESIA --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Induction dose requirement / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Influence of propofol dose on haemodynamic changes --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Comparison of cardiovascular effects of propofol and thiopentone --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Single dose pharmacokinetics --- p.91 / Chapter SECTION IV --- MAINTENANCE OF ANAESTHESIA --- p.110 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Pharmacokinetic-model-controlled infusion of propofol --- p.111 / Chapter SECTION V --- ANAESTHESIA AND RECOVERY --- p.131 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Comparison of anaesthesia and recovery of four anaesthetic techniques --- p.132 / Chapter SECTION VI --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.147 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Summary --- p.148 / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusions --- p.156 / Chapter SECTION VII --- REFERENCES --- p.159 / Chapter SECTION VIII --- APPENDICES --- p.185 / Chapter A --- Acknowledgements --- p.186 / Chapter B --- Calibration data of propofol --- p.189 / Chapter C --- Patient data tables --- p.191 / Chapter D --- Personal Work --- p.224 / Chapter E --- Ethical Committee Approval Certificates --- p.226

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-252).

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Thesis (MMedVet (Gyn))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.