Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-172).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 450-461).

Thesis of (Ph.D)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on October 7th, 2009). "Fall, 2009." At head of title: University of Alberta. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduates Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Human Ecology, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-93). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-172). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 390-396).

The aim of the study was to explore development of rural communities in the Mqanduli Administrative Area. The exploratory study was further conducted to examine delivery of service to these rural communities. One of the objectives was to empower rural communities for purposes of improving their daily living standards and also to bring about social change.In determining the sample size, forty (40) respondents were selected from Mqanduli Administrative Area. Out of the forty (40) respondents, thirty (30) respondents were selected from the Mqanduli community members, five (5) were O.R.Tambo District Municipality stakeholders and the other five (5) were Social workers from Mqanduli Administrative Area. The instrument utilized to collect data was a questionnaire. Data was analysed using the quantitative and qualitative measure. The outcome of the study indicates that the majority of rural communities in the Mqanduli Administrative Area were in dire need of empowerment which will enable these disadvantaged communities towards development and social change.

Aspects such as poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, poor service delivery, are some of the greatest challenges experienced by most of the people of South Africa. The main objective for the establishment of the Thusong Service Centre is for it to serve as a base from which a wide range of information products and relevant services can be made closer and hence more accessible to the poor members of communities. Thusong Service Centre is therefore, amongst others, identified as a platform for the communities in the surrounding areas to interact directly with their national, provincial, or local government leadership. The interaction takes place in the form of the izimbizos (unmediated public meetings), ward community meetings, mass meetings, and so forth . Members of community have got access to services and information at the Thusong Service Centre. They do that, so as to empower themselves with more information on government programmes and projects such as; the local economic development projects. By getting involved in such projects, the community end up as part of small, medium and micro enterprises and other economic development projects that ultimately better their quality of life. / Thesis (M.(Applied Communication) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

No description available.

The purpose of this research report is to utilise appropriate statistical (both non-spatial and spatial) techniques to classify areas in the country into urban and rural. These areas, as derived by means of each statistical method, are profiled and common characteristics amongst them are summarised for classification and definition of urban and rural areas. Population data for these areas were aggregated to determine the overall urbanisation for the country. The methodology utilised was that of supervised classification. Two sample data sets of areas that are known with certainty to be urban or rural were derived and used consistently throughout the study. The importance of utilising areas of known urban and rural status was firstly to identify essential patterns or predominant characteristics from areas that are known, and thereafter to apply similar characteristics to areas that are not known or are ambiguous, in order to classify them as either urban or rural. Sample 1 comprises all areas in the country with formal and informal urban settlements, as well as formal rural areas, i.e. farms. Sample 2 is similar to sample 1, but in addition it includes areas falling under the jurisdiction of traditional authorities, known as tribal areas, which were classed as known rural. Non-spatial techniques, namely linear logistic regression, classification trees and discriminant analysis, as well as spatial techniques, namely straight-majority-rule and iterated conditional modes (ICM), were researched, applied and analysed for both samples, for each province and for South Africa as a whole, using the 2001 South African population census data. Comparisons were made with the 1996 census information. All three non-spatial statistical methods gave insight into those census variables and their combinations that best describe the subject under research, i.e. urban and rural. All three methods identified significant variables that clearly separate urban and rural areas. The results of all three non-spatial statistical methods showed similarities within each sample, but differences were noted between the two samples. All three nonspatial statistical methods applied to sample 1 classified the majority of the tribal EAs (Enumeration Areas) as urban, whilst the results from sample 2 are very similar to those obtained from both censuses, since both censuses and sample 2 predefine tribal settlements as rural.