The efficiency of various protective measures against the Spruce bark beetle (pheromone-baited traps, trap trees, poisoned traps - tripods.) and the impact of insecticide-treated trap trees on non-target organisms were studied in weekly periods in areas in the altitude of 1000m above sea level. Tree traps proved to be of much higher effectivity with an average of 3307 caught spruce bark beetles in comparison with pheromone-baited traps with only 457 beetles within the same period. Poisoned traps ? tripods baited with pheromone (FeSex Typo, producer ? Karel Ubik, CR) were more effective than pheromone traps and the average number of caught beetles was 1226. Among non-target insects caught in these traps were 61 species included 7 orders. The most common species was Thanasimus formicarius.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:56:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Trevisan.pdf: 1994656 bytes, checksum: b5a115311e3e101d5598cd132ea99a14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study was conducted in two stages, with different experiments and culminating in two chapters. The first focuses on the evaluation of the influence of the complex technology used in transgenic soybean in the biological aspects of Urbanus acawoios (Williams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Four plots of soybeans were grown, three of genetically modified soybean cultivar P98R62 (soybean GMRR) and with a conventional soybean cultivar BRS 232 (Soybean conv.). Only two plots with transgenic herbicide were applied at a concentration of 1200 g ai ha-1, the Roundup Ready ? and Roundup ? WG, both applied twice, 25 and 45 days after emergence. 125 eggs coming from a butterfly rearing in the open air, and from the same female, were used to assembly the five treatments each with 25 larvae, which are made of larvae fed on leaves of Soybean conv., Soy GMRR without herbicide application, soy GMRR treated with glyphosate in Roundup Ready ?, GMRR treated with glyphosate in Roundup ? WG and leaves of C. fairchildiana. The mortality rate of larvae was higher in treatments containing soy GMRR, with or without herbicide, when compared with the mortality of larvae fed with C. fairchildiana and soybean conv. The pupae originated from larvae fed on soy conv. and C. fairchildiana were shown 100% viable, as coming from the GMRR treated with Roundup Ready ?, Roundup ? WG and without herbicide, were shown up 84.6%, 87.5% and 88.2% viable, respectively. The second chapter deals with an assessment of the influence of pollen from transgenic corn resistant to insects on Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This is a lepidopteran pyralids associated with beehives; their larvae feed on old wax, pollen, exuviae, etc. There are conflicting opinions about its safety to bees, beekeeping and therefore, to consider a pest of apiaries, others to classify as an important organism in the recycling of organic matter inside the hive. This last view may be considered beneficial to bees. Within this context, the adoption of transgenic crops resistant to insects by expressing the Bt protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, may cause disease of the larvae of G. mellonella. Bees to collect pollen and store in the hives can expose this lepidopteran to intoxication by Bt proteins present in pollen. This study aims to evaluate the influence of Bt corn pollen on G. mellonella and then trace a discussion about the possibility of the condition field of Lepidoptera. For this a bioassay was performed, where it was offered to the larvae pollen Bt, conventional and commercial. The duration of the larval stage of G. mellonella was affected by the supply of pollen, and the corn by conventional or transgenic, provided the biggest records. Mortality was higher in individuals fed with transgenic pollen and bee wax, but did not differ from other foods, when pollen from Bt was offered honeycomb of Apis mellifera. The width and length of larvae originated from larvae fed with bee wax added to conventional or transgenic pollen were lower than other treatments. The corn pollen, conventional or GM alone is a less suitable food for the development of G. mellonella, in relation to a diet consisting of pollen from various plants. / O presente trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas, com experimentais distintos, e que resultaram em dois cap?tulos. O primeiro versa sobre a avalia??o da influ?ncia do complexo tecnol?gico empregado na soja transg?nica, em aspectos biol?gicos de Urbanus acawoios (Williams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Quatro canteiros de soja foram cultivados, sendo tr?s com soja geneticamente modificada cultivar P98R62 (soja GMRR) e um com soja convencional, cultivar BRS 232 (soja conv.). Somente em dois canteiros com plantas transg?nicas foi aplicado o herbicida na concentra??o de 1200 g ia ha-1, nas formula??es Roundup Ready? e Roundup WG?, ambos aplicados duas vezes, aos 25 e 45 dias ap?s a emerg?ncia das pl?ntulas. Ovos provindos de uma cria??o em borbolet?rio ao ar livre, e oriundos de uma mesma f?mea, foram utilizados para montagem de cinco tratamentos com 25 lagartas cada, sendo estes constitu?dos por lagartas alimentadas com folhas de soja conv. soja GMRR sem aplica??o do herbicida, soja GMRR tratada com glifosato na formula??o Roundup Ready?, GMRR tratada com glifosato na formula??o Roundup WG? e folhas de C. fairchildiana. A mortalidade de larvas foi superior nos tratamentos que continham soja GMRR, com ou sem aplica??o de herbicida, quando comparada com a mortalidade das larvas alimentadas com C. fairchildiana e soja conv. As pupas provindas de lagartas alimentadas com soja conv. e C. fairchildiana apresentaram-se 100% vi?veis, j? as provindas de GMRR tratada com Roundup Ready?, Roundup WG? e sem aplica??o de herbicida, apresentaram-se 84,6%; 87,5% e 88,2% vi?veis, respectivamente. O segundo cap?tulo versa sobre a avalia??o da influ?ncia do p?len do milho transg?nico resistente a insetos, sobre Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Esse piral?deo ? um lepid?ptero associado ? colm?ias de abelhas, suas larvas se alimentam de cera velha, p?len, ex?vias etc. Existem opini?es contr?rias quanto a sua inocuidade ?s abelhas, e conseq?entemente a produ??o ap?cola, certos investigadores o consideram pragas de api?rios, j? outros o classificam como um organismo importante na reciclagem de mat?ria org?nica dentro das colm?ias. Nessa ultima vis?o, podem ser considerados ben?ficos ?s abelhas. Dentro desse contexto, a ado??o de cultivos transg?nicos resistentes a insetos pela a express?o da prote?na Bt, de Bacillus thuringiensis, poder? causar afec??o das larvas de G. mellonella. As abelhas ao coletarem p?len e armazenar nas colm?ias podem expor esse lepid?ptero a intoxica??o pela prote?na Bt presente no p?len. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a influ?ncia do p?len do milho Bt sobre G. mellonella e com isso tra?ar uma discuss?o sobre a possibilidade de afec??o ? campo deste lepid?ptero. Para isso foi realizado um ensaio biol?gico, onde foi ofertado ?s larvas p?len Bt, convencional e comercial. A dura??o da fase larval de G. mellonella foi afetada pela oferta de p?len, sendo que o do milho, convencional ou transg?nico, forneceu os maiores registros na dura??o. A mortalidade foi superior nos indiv?duos alimentados com cera virgem e p?len transg?nico, no entanto n?o diferiu dos demais alimentos, quando junto ao p?len Bt, foi ofertado favo de Apis mellifera. A largura e comprimento das pupas provindas de lagartas alimentadas com cera virgem adicionada ao p?len transg?nico ou convencional, foram inferiores aos demais tratamentos. O p?len do milho, convencional ou transg?nico, por si s? ? um alimento menos adequado ao desenvolvimento de G. mellonella, em rela??o a uma dieta composta por p?len de v?rias plantas.