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Religiosity and morality constitute the fundamental components of any culture and set up rules and regulate interpersonal behavior. In the context of religion, to understanding value transgressions, their emotional consequences and the moderating role of social threats (in-group and out-group interactions), the psychological underpinnings of value-reinforcement, and complementing role of self-affirmation at a group level represent the focal points of this dissertation. The findings of study 1 show that value transgression has a direct effect on the level of negative emotion experienced by the transgressor. The social threat that is manipulated by the presence of an out-group member during the time of transgression moderates the relationship between value transgression and level of negative emotion. Furthermore, value reinforcement (e.g, endorsing group value) can weaken the effect of threats and mitigate negative emotions. Study 1 findings show that value reinforcement's absence qualified previous proposition of value transgression and social presence interaction. In study 2, I carry on the investigation by showing that granting opportunities to affirm important group values mitigates their emotional tension. Study 2 results show that group-affirmation may work as a complementary factor that further explains the relationship between value reinforcement and emotional reaction in the event of transgressing group values.

Background Achieving an environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable development is today a key aspect in many businesses. Accordingly, cross-sector collaborations between businesses and NPOs have on an increasing scale been considered a powerful and unavoidable tool for creating environmental, social, and economical value simultaneously.   Problem Relatively little is known about how the underlying dynamics of cross-sector collaborations relate to enhanced value creation. Furthermore, the terminology in previous documentation of cross-sector collaborations has been spread out and inconsistent.   Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how business-NPO collaborations increase the potential for enhanced value creation.   Method The study has been conducted through a comparative case study of three Swedish cross-sector collaborations. Qualitative data has mainly been obtained through interviews.   Conclusions The analysis showed that the potential for enhanced value creation increases as collaboration moves from sole-creation of value toward co-creation of value. The study found that achieving co-creation of value is facilitated by (1) an issue-salient approach to stakeholder engagement, (2) achieving mutual dependency, and (3) having sustainability itself as a central aspect of a business’ purpose, strategy, and operations.

If a programme which intends to measure performance is to work successfully in an organisation, it is necessary to understand the contingent factors that need to be in place regardless of philosophical beliefs. It must be integrated with the overall strategy of the business; all approaches to performance measurement emphasise the alignment of objectives, measures, strategic decision making and rewards. This is crucial, as it is not possible to measure performance unless it is clear what an organisation is trying to achieve. Value-based management (VBM) is a powerful management framework with the aim to focus all managerial processes on shareholder wealth creation. It therefore encourages all staff levels within the organisation to focus on value creation. Various metrics have been developed to measure the value creation process within the organisation. The application of VBM principles at the lower levels within the organisation is critical to ensure that lower level staff applies value-creating principles in their daily jobs. Anglo Platinum has also adopted VBM, which will help the organisation to enhance decision-making and ensure pursuing strategies that maximise value. Anglo VBM is a management system which will enable the company to significantly improve the quality and speed of decision-making and to drive performance and profitable growth. It requires a detailed understanding of where and why value is created or consumed within the businesses through assembling a comprehensive fact base. A quantitative study was done to collect primary data through the use of standardised questionnaires that were distributed to respondents at Bleskop and Brakspruit shafts as well all the accountants at Rustenburg Platinum Mine, which forms part of Anglo Platinum. The results from this study indicate that there is a low understanding of VBM as well as a strong focus on business unit objectives and on short-term goals. A key recommendation would be to use incentive mechanisms to be aligned to VBM. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Religiosity and morality constitute the fundamental components of any culture and set up rules and regulate interpersonal behavior. In the context of religion, to understanding value transgressions, their emotional consequences and the moderating role of social threats (in-group and out-group interactions), the psychological underpinnings of value-reinforcement, and complementing role of self-affirmation at a group level represent the focal points of this dissertation. The findings of study 1 show that value transgression has a direct effect on the level of negative emotion experienced by the transgressor. The social threat that is manipulated by the presence of an out-group member during the time of transgression moderates the relationship between value transgression and level of negative emotion. Furthermore, value reinforcement (e.g, endorsing group value) can weaken the effect of threats and mitigate negative emotions. Study 1 findings show that value reinforcement's absence qualified previous proposition of value transgression and social presence interaction. In study 2, I carry on the investigation by showing that granting opportunities to affirm important group values mitigates their emotional tension. Study 2 results show that group-affirmation may work as a complementary factor that further explains the relationship between value reinforcement and emotional reaction in the event of transgressing group values.

If a programme which intends to measure performance is to work successfully in an organisation, it is necessary to understand the contingent factors that need to be in place regardless of philosophical beliefs. It must be integrated with the overall strategy of the business; all approaches to performance measurement emphasise the alignment of objectives, measures, strategic decision making and rewards. This is crucial, as it is not possible to measure performance unless it is clear what an organisation is trying to achieve. Value-based management (VBM) is a powerful management framework with the aim to focus all managerial processes on shareholder wealth creation. It therefore encourages all staff levels within the organisation to focus on value creation. Various metrics have been developed to measure the value creation process within the organisation. The application of VBM principles at the lower levels within the organisation is critical to ensure that lower level staff applies value-creating principles in their daily jobs. Anglo Platinum has also adopted VBM, which will help the organisation to enhance decision-making and ensure pursuing strategies that maximise value. Anglo VBM is a management system which will enable the company to significantly improve the quality and speed of decision-making and to drive performance and profitable growth. It requires a detailed understanding of where and why value is created or consumed within the businesses through assembling a comprehensive fact base. A quantitative study was done to collect primary data through the use of standardised questionnaires that were distributed to respondents at Bleskop and Brakspruit shafts as well all the accountants at Rustenburg Platinum Mine, which forms part of Anglo Platinum. The results from this study indicate that there is a low understanding of VBM as well as a strong focus on business unit objectives and on short-term goals. A key recommendation would be to use incentive mechanisms to be aligned to VBM. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

The two-dimensional problem of hydrodynamic interaction of the horizontal circular cylinders with a free-surface is investigated both analytically and numerically. The fully nonlinear initial boundary-value problem is described and a numerical solution for it is presented. The free motion of a cylinder rising towards, or moving away from the free-surface or moving horizontally is studied. The numerical calculations are compared with a simple analytic theory in which we take the low- and high-frequency limit of the added mass, and the constant added mass of the submerged cylinder in the coefficients of the equation of motion. Further numerical calculations of an initially displaced, spring-loaded cylinder undergoing slow motions are compared with a simple analytic theory in which we also take the low-frequency limit of the added mass of the submerged cylinder. The aim is to provide a useful approximate method for simulation of various offshore operations. Fully nonlinear calculations of the free-surface deformations of the initially calm water caused by forced constant velocity motion of a totally submerged circular cylinder are compared with small-time asymptotics due to Tyvand & Miloh (1995). Their analytic results, which are taken to third order5 when gravity terms first appear in the expansion, are in excellent agreement with the numerical calculations for small times, beyond which only the numerical method will give accurate results, valid until the free-surface breaks. The breaking of the surface as a result of vertical downward motion is further investigated with the aim of establishing when and how this happens, since the phenomena causes the breakdown of the numerical calculations. The free motion of a cylinder entering a free-surface, initially half-submerged in calm water and having specific gravity of 1.2 is also investigated. This motion is pursued beyond the complete submergence stage, giving rise to interesting free-surface deformations and body dynamics. This study is complemented by a further investigation involving impulsively started and forced constant motion of a cylinder entering a free-surface at various angles and Froude numbers, and is also taken beyond the complete engulfment stage. Hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder obtained for various angles at the same Froude number are compared. Also, the hydrodynamic forces for the motion in the same direction at various Froude numbers are compared.