Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, 2008. / Texto parcialmente liberado pelo autor. Conteúdo liberado: pré-textuais. / Submitted by Diogo Trindade Fóis (diogo_fois@hotmail.com) on 2009-09-29T14:28:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_RicardoMMello_completo.pdf: 633944 bytes, checksum: 0fa50b854d45fdd6e662e12a6b5c8a16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br) on 2009-09-30T11:05:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_RicardoMMello_completo.pdf: 633944 bytes, checksum: 0fa50b854d45fdd6e662e12a6b5c8a16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-09-30T11:05:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_RicardoMMello_completo.pdf: 633944 bytes, checksum: 0fa50b854d45fdd6e662e12a6b5c8a16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A Dissertação ora apresentada investigou as funções que o conhecimento produzido pelos historiadores pode exercer segundo o historiador e teórico da literatura e historiografia Hayden White. O primeiro capítulo expõe sucintamente sua teoria do discurso historiográfico, enfatizando os aspectos pertinentes para se compreender o objeto deste trabalho. O segundo capítulo analisa as funções que devem ser evitadas pela historiografia. O terceiro apresenta as funções que a historiografia pode exercer, relacionando-as à teoria do discurso historiográfico (cap. 1) e às funções cognitivas da história refutadas por White (cap. 2). Na última seção, buscou-se sintetizar o que foi exposto anteriormente e questionar alguns aspectos da proposta whiteana. A partir disso, observou-se que a idéia norteadora consiste em argumentar a favor da limitação epistêmica do discurso produzido pelos historiadores, o que permitiria, por sua vez, usá-lo de determinadas maneiras a fim de auxiliar os homens do presente na resolução de seus problemas. Desta forma, o que possibilitaria à historiografia valer-se do passado com vistas ao presente e desempenhar tal ou qual função seria sua condição cognitivamente restrita. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The Dissertation presented investigated the roles that knowledge produced by historians can exercise according to the historian and theoretical literature of historiography and Hayden White. The first chapter briefly outlines his theory of historiographic speech, emphasizing aspects relevant to understand the object of this work. The second chapter discusses the functions that should be avoided by historiography. The third presents the functions that historiography can exercise, listing them on the theory of speech historiographic (chap. 1) and the cognitive functions of the story refuted by White (chap. 2). In the last section, sought summed up what has been previously exposed and questioned some aspects of the proposal whiteana. From this, the main idea is to argue in favour of limiting epistemic the discourse produced by historians, which would, in turn, use it, certain ways, to help the men of this in the resolution of their problems. Thus, what would the historiography assert itself in the past with a view to the present and play such a role would be or what their condition cognitively limited.

Root development in Picea glauca seedlings was studied anatomically during the first year after germination. The cyclic pattern of elongation of individual roots was established about three months after germination. With progressing development, root hairs gradually diminished and colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi increased. The development of primary tissues in long roots, relative to the distance from the root tip, appeared to be related to their rate of root elongation. In these roots, the development of Casparian bands in the endodermis often occurred several millimeters away from the root tip. In elongating short roots, endodermal cells attained their primary state only 2-4 cells away from the proximal part of the apical meristem. In non-elongating roots, the secondary-state endodermis was connected to the metacutis just above the apical meristem. The development of Casparian bands was always prior to the maturation of the first xylem elements. The endodermis did not develop past the secondary state. Through the presence of passage cells, it remained functional until its disruption by secondary growth. Low frequency of plasmodesmata in the endodermis indicated that the plasma membrane - cell wall - plasma membrane type of transport was the main means of molecule exchange between the cortex and the stele in white spruce roots. Undifferentiated tissues of the root near the apical meristem were almost impermeable to fluorescent dye tracers Sulforhodamine G and fluorescein diacetate. The metacutis and the endodermis at the primary and secondary state were impermeable to the apoplastic tracer Sulforhodamine G. Roots and root systems were structurally and physiologically affected by cultural treatments such as pruning and fertilizer application. Roots of seedlings grown at low nitrogen (N) supply were thin and their tracheids were narrow. Excess N did not significantly increase root diameter and tracheid dimensions, compared to the optimum supply. Dimensions of bordered pits were not significantly affected by the N level. The secondary development in roots advanced basipetally but exceptions were found indicating that cambial growth of roots could vary along the root regardless of the position relative to the root tip. Seedlings with different root systems modified by nursery culture exhibited different pattems of root growth after planting. Root elongation and root surface area increases immediately after planting were greater in container-grown than in mechanically box-pruned seedlings but this was unrelated to the longer-term performance of these seedlings. The initially low hydraulic conductance of root systems in box-pruned seedlings increased significantly 6-8 weeks after planting while it remained unchanged or declined in container-grown seedlings. Root pressure, comparable to that reported for angiosperm seedlings, was found in white spruce seedlings during the first few weeks after planting. This is contrary to the general notion that conifers do not develop notable root pressure. The initiation and elongation of roots in unfertilized organic compartments was poor compared to root growth in unfertilized mineral compartments, especially in mechanically pruned seedlings whose roots proliferated in the latter compartments. The growth of roots in the organic substrates was enhanced by the addition of slow-release fertilizer to that substrate. The growth response of roots to slow-release fertilizer added to the mineral substrate was restricted to that compartment but root growth in both soil compartments was affected by the addition of slow-release fertilizer to the organic substrate. Root development in different types of planting stock was differently affected by the soil substrate type and the addition of the slow release fertilizer. / Graduate

This dissertation explores the non-Doppler shifting of Helium lines in the high pressure conditions of a white dwarf photosphere. In particular, this dissertation seeks to mathematically quantify the shift in a way that is simple to reproduce and account for in future studies without requiring prior knowledge of the star’s bulk properties (mass, radius, temperature, etc.). Two main methods will be used in this analysis. First, the spectral line will be quantified with a continuous wavelet transformation, and the components will be used in a χ^2 minimizing linear regression to predict the shift. Second, the position of the lines will be calculated using a best-fit Levy-alpha line function. These techniques stand in contrast to traditional methods of quantifying the center of often broad spectral lines, which usually assume symmetry on the parts of the lines.

The intention of this thesis is to remedy the lack of serious critical attention given to the Australian novelist Patrick White. In Australia critical reaction has been tepid if not openly hostile, while in Britain and America only a small number of critics have dissociated White from his regional background and endeavoured to place him in a wider context. It is the purpose of the thesis to define this context, and to demonstrate that White is a highly original novelist in his own right. Of White's total output to the present time of six novels, only four are discussed here—The Aunt's Story (1948), The Tree of Man (1955), Voss (1957), and Riders in the Chariot (1961). As an introduction to these four novels the first chapter attempts to define White's place in the 'Australian tradition', to give an account of his local critical reception, and to discuss in brief the nature of his central preoccupations as an artist and the forms in which they are manifested. An examination of the four novels reveals the development of White's thought from the time when his artistic maturity became fully evident. From The Aunt's Story to Riders in the Chariot White is concerned above all with the besetting problems of the present time: the dilemma of the individual when faced with the break-down of traditional modes of thought, the possibility of meaningful communication, the problem of identity in a world of inner and outer chaos, and the origin and nature of evil in the world. From a subjective view of the world seen through the isolated consciousness of Theodora Goodman in The Aunt's Story, to the massive fourfold vision of Riders in the Chariot, White has demonstrated an ever-increasing range of tone and subject matter. He records with deadly accuracy the Australian 'comedy of manners', and in this respect he can be said to be the first genuine Australian satirist. At the other extreme, White is capable of rendering the profoundest mystical experience. Whether satirist or mystic, or mere observer and recorder of the world around him, White has at his disposal a lucid and poetic style which, though often startling in its unorthodoxy, is capable of conveying and enlarging upon the subtlest nuance of thought and image. In his style, and in his broadness of vision, lie White's chief claims to excellence. This study of the four novels, in chronological order, endeavours to demonstrate that underlying them is a constantly expanding vision, and that Patrick White is a significant and powerful novelist, and worthy of the closest critical attention. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

A disease, causing severe flagging of young western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.), was investigated at Hill Siding and Arrow Park, British Columbia. The primary symptom of the disease was flagging of twigs, resulting from a rapid necrosis of terminal shoots and less commonly from girdling-lesions on 2-year-old growth. A small percentage of the severely flagged trees died. Damaging effects of the disease were confined to trees under 40 years of age and to stand forms with a higher than average component of white pine in the susceptible age class. Efforts to isolate the causal fungus yielded 22 fungi in culture, only two of which occurred with sufficient frequency to warrant further study, an unknown fungus "B” and Pullularia pullulans (deBary) Berkhout. A search for fructifications associated with the disease revealed apothecia of a Tympanis, very similar to those of Tympanis pithya (Karst.) Karst., to be associated with 16 per cent of a random sample of 425 flagged twigs. The pycnidia of the imperfect stage of Tympanis sp. occurred less commonly. Spore cultures from Tympanis apothecia were different from those of any of the 22 fungi isolated in tissue culture and it seemed probable that Tympanis occurred as a pioneer saprophyte on killed twigs. External signs of Pullularia pullulans occurred commonly in the form of erumpent sclerotia, and external hyphae with resting spores. A scale insect, resembling Matsucoccus sp., was found at a high infestation level in one stand and less commonly in the remaining stands. Reasons for discounting the insect as a primary causal agent of flagging are outlined. Field inoculations with Pullularia pullulans and greenhouse inoculations with Pullularia pullulans and the unknown fungus "B" produced questionable results with the latter fungus, but indicated Pullularia pullulans to be pathogenic under the conditions imposed by the experiment. Results of inoculation experiments are snmmarized in four tables. The historical background and cultural description of Pullularia pullulans is outlined. Experimental and observational evidence suggests that the fungus is one of the causal agents, and probably the primary agent for the flagging. On the basis of the limited damage caused by the flagging and the sporadic occurrence of the susceptible stand form, control measures are deemed unwarranted. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

This study was undertaken to determine the parasite complex of the whitetail deer of British Columbia, the frequency of these parasites, and the factors influencing parasitism of these deer. An examination of 69 whitetail deer and 7 mule deer was made for the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites. Autopsies were performed at various intervals from July 1964 to May 1966. The whitetail deer examined were host to 25 species of parasites including 3 species of lice, 2 species of ticks, 2 louse flies, one bot fly, 4 cestodes, 1 trematode and 11 nematodes. The maximum number of species infesting a single deer was 11. The average number of species per whitetail deer was 5.9. With the exception of the nose bot the frequency of infestation of all species was found to be light. The 7 mule deer examined were host to 22 species of parasites. The maximum in a single deer was 13 and the average number of species per deer was 10.6. Mule deer shared the same ectoparasites as whitetail deer, but harboured much heavier infections of intestinal nematodes and cestodes. Tne bot fly Cepnenemyia jellisoni, the liver fluke Fascioloides magna and larval lungworms were the only parasites found to have any appreciable effect on host tissues. The presence of large numbers of cattle and horses on whitetail winter ranges has not brought about heavy parasite infestations in whitetail deer. The parasitism of whitetail deer was very light in spite of overcrowding of deer, overbrowsed ranges, malnutrition and extremes of climate. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

This study of Patrick White's work is chiefly concerned with the first four novels, but refers also to some poetry, the short stories, the plays and the three later novels. It traces the development of themes and techniques in these four novels in terms of artistic vision and the rendering of that vision. The early, experimental works, up to The Living and the Dead are treated at considerable length, chiefly to show how the later developments are basically improvements and variations on the themes and techniques which have already been used. A second reason for the length of this part of the treatment is that, in the existing criticism of White, these early works are almost entirely ignored. There is need for reappraisal (over and above the original review articles which are about all that exist), and this study makes a modest attempt at this. The middle period, to which belong The Aunt’s Story and The Tree of Man (as well as one play and some stories), is presented as the high point of maturity, both of technique and of the vision which the technique embodies. The works have a high degree of structural integration and the vision is presented with great clarity and imaginative appeal. The later novels, Voss, Riders in the Chariot and The Solid Mandala, continue the use of developed techniques from the middle period. There is an imaginative boldness of design in these later novels, but the themes reveal a vision which appears to be declining into personal reverie and dream. In this period White seems to lose the ability to maintain the stance of integrity-in-isolation which he has asserted in the two preceding novels, and appears instead to seek some kind of mystic communion for his heroes. These interpretations of the later novels are suggested, but not argued in his study; they have been argued in several published articles. In part, it is this discrepancy between the mystical or basically symbolic vision of the later novels and the un-symbolic, essentially naturalistic vision of the earlier period, which has defined the limitations of the thesis presented. At the present stage of critical interpretation, the vision of the later period appears less significant than the earlier vision. In order that we may resolve the apparent differences between the two visions, it is necessary first to define the earlier vision. This study analyses the earlier works, for that purpose. In the final chapter, a suggestion is offered as to how the later novels might be approached in a way that would show the later vision to be a consistent development of the earlier vision, through a boldly symbolic technique. Above all, this study concentrates on White's vision of the alienated state of man, as the central pre-occupation of his earlier works. It analyses the techniques by which this vision is rendered, examining the tests of the four novels more closely than has been done in any criticism published to date. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

Thirty-seven seedlots of western white pine (Pi nus mont i col a Doug. ex. D. Don) were tested for frost hardiness to determine how transferable seed would be from different seed sources within white pine's coast and interior ranges in British Columbia. Twenty-nine seedlots represented the coast and interior of British Columbia (BC), two were from coastal United States (US), three were from interior US and three were hybrids between interior US and interior BC parents. Detached needles were exposed to a series of freezing temperatures in a programable freezer and relative hardiness was calculated as the length of injured needle expressed as a percentage of total needle length 10 days after freezing. Seasonal progress in hardening was tested using five dates in the autumn of 1989. Seedlings were maintained at the University of British Columbia nursery. Testing also was carried out from samples collected on separate dates from Nakusp in the BC interior and from Ladysmith, a coastal BC site. There was a statistically significant (p<0.0l) regional difference between the BC coast and BC interior sources in all test runs, excluding the first UBC run and the Ladysmith run. In the runs where regions differed significantly, the difference in percent damage response of needles to freezing was approximately 20%. Measurements of shoot growth phenology were planned as an additional component of growth rhythm. Injury from uncontrolled freezing forced a change of objective to evaluation of genetic differences in recovery from freezing. Those evaluations did not reveal genetic differences in recovery. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

As the remnants of stars with initial masses < 8 M⊙, white dwarfs contain valuable information regarding the formation histories of stellar populations. This dissertation focuses on using white dwarfs as tracers of Galactic evolution by first creating a self-consistent model of the Milky Way’s white dwarf population and comparing the results of various inputs to observational white dwarf catalogues. The model is applied to data from the Canada France Imaging Survey to derive the star formation histories of the thin disk, thick disk, and stellar halo. The results show that the Milky Way disk began forming stars (11.3 ± 0.5)Gyr ago, with a peak rate of (8.8 ± 1.4)M⊙ yr−1 at (9.8 ± 0.4)Gyr, before a slow decline to a constant rate until the present day — consistent with recent results suggesting a merging event with a satellite galaxy. Studying the residuals between the data and best-fit model shows evidence for a slight increase in star formation over the past 3 Gyr. The halo star formation history is relatively unconstrained owing to the relative rarity of halo white dwarfs. A complementary method to determine the age and star formation history is to obtain masses and temperatures to derive individual ages for a sample of halo objects. Using a sample of 18 spectra obtained at the Gemini Observatories the age of the inner halo is determined to be 9.3 ± 1.4 Gyr using the Cummings et al. (2018) IFMR and MIST isochrones, or 10.8 ± 0.6 Gyr using the relation from Kalirai (2012), however, the study determined that a bias is present in the mass determinations at low signal-to-noise and suggests that a larger, high signal-to-noise follow-up will be required to more accurately characterize this population. Finally, the future of white dwarf astronomy will be in good hands with the imminent start of the Legacy Survey for Space and Time (LSST) on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, as well as several new space telescopes expected to begin operations later in this decade. The white dwarf population synthesis model is modified to simulate the WD populations in four upcoming wide-field surveys (i.e., LSST, Euclid, the Roman Space Telescope and CASTOR) and use the resulting samples to explore some representative WD science cases. The results confirm that LSST will provide a wealth of information for Galactic WDs, detecting more than 150 million WDs at the final depth of its stacked, 10-year survey. Within this sample, nearly 300,000 objects will have 5σ parallax measurements and nearly 7 million will have 5σ proper motion measurements. This sample will be used to detect the turn-off in the halo WD luminosity function for the first time, allowing for an accurate determination of the age and star formation history of the Milky Way at its earliest epoch. / Graduate

This is an electrocardiological study, based on electrocardiographic analysis of new cases as well as on a review of some features, hitherto unrecognized or not stressed, in subjects with these disorders, that may help throw more light on them. In six cases studied personally using intracardiac electrography - the technique of His bundle electrography - the contribution and relevance of this method will be analysed, and the results compared with the conclusions drawn from other contemporary work in this field. Thus, the clinical presentation of the cases, and of these syndromes, receives secondary attention, and more detailed analysis only when appropriate to substantiate the main burdens of the thesis. These case reports appear separately in Section c. The mechanism of production of arrhythmias is becoming much better understood, and some of the diagnostic measures that are discussed in this work provide a clearer picture of their genesis. It is not proposed to embark upon a detailed consideration of anti-arrhythmic therapy in these syndromes, but the general principles will be discussed, and special reference will also be made to some new developments in this field.