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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Efeito da respiração lenta na pressão arterial e na função autonômica em hipertensos / Effect of slow breathing on blood pressure and autonomic function in hypertensive patients

Barros, Silvana de 03 July 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A respiração lenta é indicada como tratamento não medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial. Porém, os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na redução da pressão arterial (PA) ainda são desconhecidos. A redução na atividade nervosa simpática (ANS) pode ser um dos mecanismos envolvidos na redução da PA. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito crônico da respiração lenta na PA e na ANS em hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Foram randomizados hipertensos, com e sem uso de anti-hipertensivos, em grupo controle (GC), orientados a ouvir músicas serenas com uso de aparelho de MP3, ou grupo respiração lenta (GRL), treinados a reduzir a frequência respiratória com auxílio de um dispositivo eletrônico, tendo como alvo terapêutico uma frequência respiratória menor que 10 respirações por minuto, por um período de 15 minutos diários, durante 8 semanas. Antes e após o período de intervenção, foi realizada monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA), dosagem de catecolaminas plasmáticas e medida da atividade nervosa simpática periférica (ANSP) pela técnica da microneurografia. RESULTADOS: Completaram o estudo 17 voluntários no GRL e 15 no GC. Não houve mudança na PA de consultório antes e após a intervenção nos dois grupos. Observou-se redução na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) na vigília entre os períodos pré e pós-intervenção apenas no GC (131±10 / 92±9 vs 128±10 / 88±8 mmHg, p < 0,05). Não foi observada diferença na concentração de catecolaminas plasmáticas (pg/ml) em ambos os grupos entre os períodos pré e pós-intervenção: GRL 302 (220-256) vs 234 (156-318), p=0,35; e GC 201 (144-230) vs 221 (179-274), p=0,97. Nos voluntários que realizaram microneurografia, GRL (n=10) e GC (n=10), observou-se redução significativa da PAD de sono entre os períodos pré e pós- intervenção apenas no GC (83±6 vs 79±4 mmHg, p < 0,05) A ANSP (impulsos/minuto) medida pela microneurografia apresentou elevação no período pós-intervenção em comparação ao período pré-intervenção nos dois grupos: GRL (16±6 vs 22±8, p < 0,05) e GC (20±5 vs 23±5, p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A respiração lenta, realizada por 15 minutos diários durante 8 semanas, não reduziu a pressão arterial, os níveis de catecolaminas plasmáticas e a atividade nervosa simpática periférica de hipertensos / INTRODUCTION: Slow breathing is indicated as nonpharmacological treatment of hypertension. However, the physiological mechanisms involved in blood pressure (BP) reduction are still unknown. The decrease in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) may be one of the mechanisms involved in BP reduction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the chronic effect of slow breathing on BP and SNS in hypertensive patients. METHODS: Hypertensive patients, with or without use of antihypertensive drugs, were randomized to listen serene songs using an MP3 player (Control Group - CG) or device-guided slow breathing group (DGB), who were trained to reduce respiratory rate with assistance of an electronic device, targeting a respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths per minute, for a period of 15 minutes per day for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention period, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), plasma catecholamines concentration and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) using the microneurography technique were performed. RESULTS: 17 volunteers in the DGB and 15 in the CG completed the study. There was no change in office BP before and after intervention in both groups. There was a reduction in daytime systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) before and after intervention only in the CG (131±10 / 92±9 vs 128±10 / 88±8 mmHg, p < 0,05). No difference in plasma catecholamines concentration (pg/ml) was observed in both groups before and after intervention: DGB 302 (220-256) vs 234 (156-318), p = 0.35; CG 201 (144-230) vs 221 (179-274), p=0.97. In the volunteers who underwent microneurography, DGB (n=10) and CG (n=10), there was a significant reduction in sleep DBP only in the CG: 83±6 vs 79±4 mmHg, p < 0,05. The MSNA (bursts/minute) measured by the microneurography showed a rise after the intervention in both groups: DGB (16±6 vs 22±8, p < 0.05) and CG (20±5 vs 23±5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Slow breathing, performed for 15 minutes daily for 8 weeks, did not reduce blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentration and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in hypertensive patients
12

Efeito da respiração lenta na pressão arterial e na função autonômica em hipertensos / Effect of slow breathing on blood pressure and autonomic function in hypertensive patients

Silvana de Barros 03 July 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A respiração lenta é indicada como tratamento não medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial. Porém, os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na redução da pressão arterial (PA) ainda são desconhecidos. A redução na atividade nervosa simpática (ANS) pode ser um dos mecanismos envolvidos na redução da PA. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito crônico da respiração lenta na PA e na ANS em hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Foram randomizados hipertensos, com e sem uso de anti-hipertensivos, em grupo controle (GC), orientados a ouvir músicas serenas com uso de aparelho de MP3, ou grupo respiração lenta (GRL), treinados a reduzir a frequência respiratória com auxílio de um dispositivo eletrônico, tendo como alvo terapêutico uma frequência respiratória menor que 10 respirações por minuto, por um período de 15 minutos diários, durante 8 semanas. Antes e após o período de intervenção, foi realizada monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA), dosagem de catecolaminas plasmáticas e medida da atividade nervosa simpática periférica (ANSP) pela técnica da microneurografia. RESULTADOS: Completaram o estudo 17 voluntários no GRL e 15 no GC. Não houve mudança na PA de consultório antes e após a intervenção nos dois grupos. Observou-se redução na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) na vigília entre os períodos pré e pós-intervenção apenas no GC (131±10 / 92±9 vs 128±10 / 88±8 mmHg, p < 0,05). Não foi observada diferença na concentração de catecolaminas plasmáticas (pg/ml) em ambos os grupos entre os períodos pré e pós-intervenção: GRL 302 (220-256) vs 234 (156-318), p=0,35; e GC 201 (144-230) vs 221 (179-274), p=0,97. Nos voluntários que realizaram microneurografia, GRL (n=10) e GC (n=10), observou-se redução significativa da PAD de sono entre os períodos pré e pós- intervenção apenas no GC (83±6 vs 79±4 mmHg, p < 0,05) A ANSP (impulsos/minuto) medida pela microneurografia apresentou elevação no período pós-intervenção em comparação ao período pré-intervenção nos dois grupos: GRL (16±6 vs 22±8, p < 0,05) e GC (20±5 vs 23±5, p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A respiração lenta, realizada por 15 minutos diários durante 8 semanas, não reduziu a pressão arterial, os níveis de catecolaminas plasmáticas e a atividade nervosa simpática periférica de hipertensos / INTRODUCTION: Slow breathing is indicated as nonpharmacological treatment of hypertension. However, the physiological mechanisms involved in blood pressure (BP) reduction are still unknown. The decrease in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) may be one of the mechanisms involved in BP reduction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the chronic effect of slow breathing on BP and SNS in hypertensive patients. METHODS: Hypertensive patients, with or without use of antihypertensive drugs, were randomized to listen serene songs using an MP3 player (Control Group - CG) or device-guided slow breathing group (DGB), who were trained to reduce respiratory rate with assistance of an electronic device, targeting a respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths per minute, for a period of 15 minutes per day for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention period, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), plasma catecholamines concentration and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) using the microneurography technique were performed. RESULTS: 17 volunteers in the DGB and 15 in the CG completed the study. There was no change in office BP before and after intervention in both groups. There was a reduction in daytime systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) before and after intervention only in the CG (131±10 / 92±9 vs 128±10 / 88±8 mmHg, p < 0,05). No difference in plasma catecholamines concentration (pg/ml) was observed in both groups before and after intervention: DGB 302 (220-256) vs 234 (156-318), p = 0.35; CG 201 (144-230) vs 221 (179-274), p=0.97. In the volunteers who underwent microneurography, DGB (n=10) and CG (n=10), there was a significant reduction in sleep DBP only in the CG: 83±6 vs 79±4 mmHg, p < 0,05. The MSNA (bursts/minute) measured by the microneurography showed a rise after the intervention in both groups: DGB (16±6 vs 22±8, p < 0.05) and CG (20±5 vs 23±5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Slow breathing, performed for 15 minutes daily for 8 weeks, did not reduce blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentration and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in hypertensive patients
13

Caregiver Review of Nonpharmacological Interventions for Behavioral Symptoms Associated With Dementia

Ballew, Karla Chaney 01 January 2019 (has links)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects an individual’s overall cognitive function, including orientation, memory, and executive function. Most AD patients in the United States reside in residential care facilities or private homes under the care of individuals with little education on the challenges of the AD patient. Among the challenges faced by caregivers are behavioral and psychological symptoms related to dementia (BPSD). Education has been shown to improve caregivers’ treatment of BPSD in AD patients and to improve caregiver retention. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based education module guided by Kolcaba’s comfort theory that could be provided to home care nurses who provide care for AD patients with BPSD. A 5-point, 15-item, Likert-scale evaluation survey was developed and administered to a panel of 5 professional content experts who reviewed and scored the educational module for clarity, usability, and applicability. The mean score of 4.6 indicated that the expert panel found the education module to meet the expected standards for use with AD caregivers. Recommendations from the panel of experts were to proceed with the caregiver education module as planned. Implementation of the module may lead to positive social change through the provision of education to caregivers on care of patients with AD and caregiver self-care.
14

Vliv metody uvolňování dýchacích cest u pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí / The Effect of Airway Clearance Techniques on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Milibari, Hussam January 2018 (has links)
Title The effect of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective The main purpose of this study is to expose and evaluate the efficacy of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by using pulmonary functions and Quality of Life measurements from recent studies. Methodology This thesis is literature review. The selected studies were according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selections of recent studies were published from the year of 2000 until 2017 in English language. The following research databases were selected to identify the relevant topic: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro, and CINAHL. The parameters' results from the articles have been also selected by evaluation the statistical differences according to the P-values. Results Twenty-three articles out of 117 have been found according to inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The techniques were active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT), positive expiratory pressure (PEP), temporary of positive expiratory pressure (T-PEP), Oscillating positive expiratory pressure (O-PEP), high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), slow expiration with glottis opened in lateral posture (ELTGOL), postural drainage, and autogenic...

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