Woodland caribou are listed as a threatened species in Saskatchewan. The need for contemporary data is paramount for conservation of this species. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of threats to woodland caribou: forestry and logging, road development and expansion, mineral exploration and other long term changes to the landscape. Despite previous research effort, the current distribution and critical habitat of woodland caribou in north-central Saskatchewan is still poorly understood. Drawing upon the knowledge of a selected target group, interviews have been conducted to attain local and traditional knowledge on woodland caribou. Local knowledge has been used to identify key information about woodland caribou critical habitat and ecology in the north central region and more remote areas. Through the objectives of this research we have been able to identify current and historical abundance patterns; adult and calf biology; predator prey interactions; human activity on the landscape and potential effect on woodland caribou ecology; and weather/fire patterns and the potential effect on woodland caribou distribution. The significance of this type of research is critical in understanding woodland caribou biology in northern and remote areas. In addition, this project recognizes contributions and involvement of Aboriginal peoples in academic and government research initiatives.

Woodland caribou are listed as a threatened species in Saskatchewan. The need for contemporary data is paramount for conservation of this species. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of threats to woodland caribou: forestry and logging, road development and expansion, mineral exploration and other long term changes to the landscape. Despite previous research effort, the current distribution and critical habitat of woodland caribou in north-central Saskatchewan is still poorly understood. Drawing upon the knowledge of a selected target group, interviews have been conducted to attain local and traditional knowledge on woodland caribou. Local knowledge has been used to identify key information about woodland caribou critical habitat and ecology in the north central region and more remote areas. Through the objectives of this research we have been able to identify current and historical abundance patterns; adult and calf biology; predator prey interactions; human activity on the landscape and potential effect on woodland caribou ecology; and weather/fire patterns and the potential effect on woodland caribou distribution. The significance of this type of research is critical in understanding woodland caribou biology in northern and remote areas. In addition, this project recognizes contributions and involvement of Aboriginal peoples in academic and government research initiatives.

On September 16, 2015, a Mw 8.3 earthquake struck offshore of the north-central Chile coast with a fault-rupture length of approximately 150 km. The earthquake triggered a tsunami that impacted 500 km of coastline from Huasco (28.5°S) to San Antonio (33.5°S), registering as much as 4.5 m on the tide gauge at Coquimbo (30.0°S) with run-up heights >10 m at a few exposed locations between Limarí (30.7°S) and Coquimbo. The tsunami provided an invaluable opportunity to examine the nature of tsunami deposit evidence in a semi-arid, siliciclastic environment, where settings suitable for the preservation of tsunami sedimentation are scarce, thereby improving our ability to identify such evidence in the geologic record. Using before-and-after-tsunami satellite imagery and post-tsunami coastal surveys, we targeted one of the few low-energy depositional terrestrial environments in the tsunami-affected area that had a high potential to preserve the 2015 tsunami deposit and older events: the Pachingo marsh in Tongoy Bay (30.3°S). We employed field and laboratory methods to document the 2015 tsunami deposit and discovered sedimentological evidence of previous tsunami inundation of the site. The 2015 tsunami deposit and an older sand bed ~10 cm lower in the stratigraphy exhibit similar sedimentological characteristics. Both sand beds are composed of poorly to moderately sorted, gray-brown, fine- to medium-grained sand and are distinct from underlying and overlying organic-rich silty sediments. The sand beds are thinner (from ~20 cm to <1 cm) and finer (from medium- to fine-grained sand) at more inland locations, and fine upward. However, the older sand bed extends over 150 m farther inland than the 2015 tsunami deposit. To explore the differences in the offshore ruptures that generated the tsunamis that deposited each sand bed, we employed an inverse sediment transport model (TSUFLIND). Our field survey, sedimentological data, and modeling results infer that the older sand bed preserved at the Pachingo marsh field site was produced by a larger tsunami than the 2015 tsunami. Anthropogenic evidence (copper smelter waste) along with Cs137 and Pb210 dating constrains the magnitude and age of the older sand bed to the last 130 years. Based on historical analysis of recent tsunamis that impacted the Pachingo marsh region, we infer a widespread tsunami in 1922 is the best candidate for depositing the older sand bed at our site, providing first geologic evidence of pre-2015 tsunami inundation along the north-central Chile coast. / Master of Science / On September 16, 2015 a segment of the Chilean subduction zone ruptured off the coast of north-central Chile producing a magnitude 8.3 earthquake. The earthquake created a tsunami that impacted 500 km of coastline and created waves measuring 4.5 m on the tide gauge at Coquimbo (30.0°S) with waves reaching inland to heights >10 m at a few exposed locations. The 2015 event in north-central Chile provided a unique opportunity to study tsunami deposits in semi-arid, sand-dominated environment where preservation of tsunami deposits within coastal sediments is rare, helping improve our ability to identify this type of evidence in the sedimentary record. Using before-and-after-tsunami satellite imagery and post-tsunami coastal surveys, we targeted a marsh in the tsunami-affected area that was capable of preserving the 2015 tsunami deposit and older events: the Pachingo marsh in Tongoy Bay (30.3°S). We employed field and laboratory methods to document the 2015 tsunami deposit and discovered evidence of previous tsunami overwash at the site within the sediments of the marsh. Our field work observations and sedimentary data revealed that in addition to the 2015 tsunami deposit, the site contained an older, anomalous sand bed that we infer to be a tsunami based on its similarity to the modern deposit at the site. Our modeling results suggest that the older sand bed was deposited by a tsunami larger than the 2015 tsunami. Based on historical analysis of recent tsunamis that impacted the Pachingo marsh region, we infer a tsunami in 1922 is the best candidate for depositing the older sand bed at our site. This discovery provides the first evidence of tsunami sediments from pre-2015 tsunami inundation along the north-central Chile coast.

This paper will propose a generative analysis of McDavid's dialect verb forms. The concepts of Chomsky and Halle as presented in SPE form the framework for this study.

Chemical and tritium analyses of groundwater, precipitation and discharge records, fracture orientations, lineaments, and structural, stratigraphic, and topographic relationships have been used to describe the groundwater systems of Mantua Valley, north-central Utah. Groundwater flows through fractured Paleozoic quartzites and carbonate rocks and discharges from eleven perennial springs in Mantua Valley. Permeability in quartzites is the result of intense faulting and jointing. Groundwater in carbonate aquifers flows through fractures and/or fractures modified by solution and discharges as relatively large springs (up to 227 liters per second). Neogene normal faulting, rather than extensive karst processes, has produced valleys which are closed or nearly closed to surface-water drainage. Groundwater in the area has relatively low total dissolved solids, is warmer than the mean annual air temperature, and is of the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type. Temperatures of the groundwater suggest circulation depths in excess of 10 to 185 meters. Intermittent turbidity and fluctuations in calcite and dolomite saturation indices and in groundwater temperatures suggest that springs may be supplied by mixtures of shallow and deeper groundwater flow. With the methods used here, a water budget analysis of the area indicates that recharge to the groundwater systems is approximately 49% of mean annual precipitation. Annual recharge and average discharge of the springs were used to calculate recharge areas, which range from 3.0 km2 to 18 km2. Tritium analyses of two of the springs suggest mean residence times of less than ten years.

The study was designed to investigate the relationship between the perceptions of public elementary school principals concerning the procedures for the voluntary accreditation of elementary schools by regional accrediting associations and how acceptable the idea of voluntary accreditation was to the same principals. Section I of the survey instrument developed for the study, "Survey of Perceptions about Voluntary Elementary School Accreditation," was a request for demographic information about the respondents. Section II was designed to assess the amount of congruence between the perceptions of the principals concerning North Central Association requirements for elementary school accreditation and the actual requirements as set forth in "Policies and. Standards for the Approval of Elementary Schools." In Section III, the respondents indicated where they would place themselves on a five-point scale in regard to each of ten statements expressing positive attitudes toward the voluntary accreditation of elementary schools. The first and last statements in Section III expressed a positive attitude toward involvement in the accreditation process. The other eight of the ten statements identified benefits which might be derived from accreditation. The five-point scale ranged from "strongly disagree" at one end of the scale to "strongly agree" at the other. It was postulated that there would be a strong positive correlation between perceptions of accreditation that were congruent with the North Central Association Policies and Standards and positive attitudes toward accreditation.Other related questions were also investigated. Is the relationship between principals' perceptions of North Central Association Policies and Standards and their acceptance of voluntary accreditation related to such other factors as geographical location, school size by enrollment, age, level of teaching experience, years of experience as elementary principals, years of experience in their present assignments, educational level attained, experience in number of school corporations, or previous experience with the North Central Association?The population for the study was the 1,345 public elementary school principals in Indiana. From the population, a random sample of 273 subjects, stratified by eight geographical districts and five categories of school size, was drawn. Usable returns were received from 14.8 of the 273 subjects, 54-.2 percent of the sample.Relationships between the main variables of the study, congruency of principals' perceptions of accreditation with actual North Central Association requirements and acceptability of the concept to the subjects, were tested statistically with Pearson product moment coefficients of correlation. The relationships between the main variables and each level of the potentially monitoring variables noted above were also tested with Pearson correlation coefficients.The main hypothesis of the study, stated in null form to facilitate testing, was rejected at the .01 level of statistical significance (r = +.391 and +.380). A positive relationship not due to chance appeared to exist between the extent to which the principals' perceptions of accreditation procedures were congruent with the actual procedures defined by the North Central Association and the acceptability of voluntary accreditation to the principals. None of the other eighteen hypotheses, which were concerned with relationships between each of the main variables of congruency and acceptability with each of nine potentially monitoring variables, were rejected. A few statistically significant relationships were discovered between some levels of the variables which were investigated for monitorial relationships and the congruency and acceptability measures; but, since statistical significance did not occur consistently among the various levels of each of the potentially monitorial relationships, the null hypotheses relating to these relationships were not rejected.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-297).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Minnesota, 1985. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).

Between 60-70% of Namibia’s population practice subsistence agro-pastoralism on communal land that constitutes 41% of the total land area. Cysticercosis bovis is found worldwide, but most often in rural developing countries, where unhygienic conditions are coupled with poor cattle management practices and lack or absence of meat inspection. Because livestock is so important to the economy and social structure of the majority of people in Namibia, risks from zoonotic diseases transmitted from domestic animals to humans are a constant threat and are therefore of major concern. In addition, C.bovis is also emerging as a public health risk not only in these rural communities but also in urban areas where many infected cattle are transported, informally slaughtered and consumed. This disease has a negative impact on food safety, and thus is related to Veterinary Public Health (VPH) strategies in Namibia. Over the period from 2000 to 2004, 3232 (8%) measles detections were recorded from the 40 373 cattle slaughtered at Meatco Oshakati Abattoir. C.bovis is considered important from both an economic (loss of income to cattle owners) and human health (it is a zoonosis) point of view. The aim of the study was to do an analysis of the level of C.bovis in bovine carcasses at the abattoir, in order to identify geographical areas where the disease is prevalent in cattle in North Central Namibia and to develop a risk communication strategy, to improve the control of this disease in the target population (subsistence cattle farmers in the study area). Meat inspection was carried out for a period of 12 months and the abattoir records examined covered two years (2004 –2005). Results showed that incidence for C.bovis of cattle originating from Oshikoto Region were high: (12%). Omusati and Oshana Regions had an incidence of 7% and a much lower incidence of C.bovis (5%) was reported in cattle from the Ohangwena Region. Structured interviews with 95 farmers (99% male and 1% female) in all the four Regions of the study area, were carried out using a set of questionnaires (Appendix A). The questionnaires had provision for numerical data and comments concerning changes, constraints and suggestions for improving dissemination of information and extension services in the target areas. It was noted that between 5% and 13 % of respondents had neither pit latrines nor waterborne sewage. This leads to the conclusion that a significant proportion of the rural population is defecating in an area which is available to the cows grazing close to the homestead or cattle post. In addition, 61% of cattle from this area are marketed through informal marketing and many of them are slaughtered informally with no meat inspection taking place. This provides a high risk of infestation for the consumer, which perpetuates the parasite in the rural population. The educational level showed that 24% had no formal education and 33% had only primary school education. The language spoken by 93% of respondents is Oshiwambo and although only 20% speak English or Afrikaans, extension materials, including visual material, is not available in the vernacular. Between 58% and 96% of the respondents from the four Regions had no knowledge of the disease and how it could be diagnosed and controlled in both people and cattle. In Oshikoto Region, where the incidence in slaughtered cattle was the highest, only 4% of the respondents knew about C.bovis in cattle. The results obtained for language proficiency advocates for extension materials to be developed in Oshiwambo (which 93% of the target population are able to read and write). Skills training using visual aids and personal communication in Oshiwambo would be needed for other 7% who are illiterate. From the above, it was concluded that extension is needed to reduce the incidence of C.bovis in cattle. The most important extension messages, as determined by an expert opinion survey of veterinarians in Namibia, were firstly that families should be treated for tapeworms and secondly that they should only buy meat that has been inspected after slaughter at an abattoir. It was recommended that stakeholders in the livestock industry, and the state as well as the Department of Health should be made aware of the high level of cysticercosis and the equally high level of ignorance about the disease in rural areas of North Central Namibia. Veterinary and agriculture staff should be motivated to communicate and combine efforts to assist each other, as transport is expensive and one of the main constraints to successful extension because of the great distances in North Central Namibia. Funding should also be found for production of extension materials in the vernacular. / Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Paraclinical Sciences / MSc / unrestricted