Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Sloan Wayland. Dissertation Committee: George Rosen. This study examines one national youth organization, the United Synagogue Youth--Cf. leaf 7. Includes bibliographical references.

Chemical and tritium analyses of groundwater, precipitation and discharge records, fracture orientations, lineaments, and structural, stratigraphic, and topographic relationships have been used to describe the groundwater systems of Mantua Valley, north-central Utah. Groundwater flows through fractured Paleozoic quartzites and carbonate rocks and discharges from eleven perennial springs in Mantua Valley. Permeability in quartzites is the result of intense faulting and jointing. Groundwater in carbonate aquifers flows through fractures and/or fractures modified by solution and discharges as relatively large springs (up to 227 liters per second). Neogene normal faulting, rather than extensive karst processes, has produced valleys which are closed or nearly closed to surface-water drainage. Groundwater in the area has relatively low total dissolved solids, is warmer than the mean annual air temperature, and is of the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type. Temperatures of the groundwater suggest circulation depths in excess of 10 to 185 meters. Intermittent turbidity and fluctuations in calcite and dolomite saturation indices and in groundwater temperatures suggest that springs may be supplied by mixtures of shallow and deeper groundwater flow. With the methods used here, a water budget analysis of the area indicates that recharge to the groundwater systems is approximately 49% of mean annual precipitation. Annual recharge and average discharge of the springs were used to calculate recharge areas, which range from 3.0 km2 to 18 km2. Tritium analyses of two of the springs suggest mean residence times of less than ten years.

The networking paradigm uses new information vectors consisting of human carried devices is known as disruption-tolerant networks (DTN) or opportunistic networks. We identify the binary assertion issue in DTN. We notice how most DTNs mainly analyze nodes that are in contact. So all nodes that are not in contact are in intercontact. Nevertheless, when two nodes are not in contact, this does not mean that they are topologically far away from one another. We propose a formal definition of vicinities in DTNs and study the new resulting contact/intercontact temporal characterization. Then, we examine the internal organization of vicinities using the Vicinity Motion framework. We highlight movement types such as birth, death, and sequential moves. We analyze a number of their characteristics and extract vicinity usage directions for mobile networks. Based on the vicinity motion outputs and extracted directions, we build the TiGeR that simulates how pairs of nodes interact within their vicinities. Finally, we inquire about the possibilities of vicinity movement prediction in opportunistic networks. We expose a Vicinity Motion-based heuristic for pairwise shortest distance forecasting. We use two Vicinity Motion variants called AVM and SVM to collect vicinity information. We find that both heuristics perform quite well with performances up to 99% for SVM and around 40% for AVM.

This thesis concerns the puzzling question of why Swedish policy makers were surprised by the Ukraine crisis, despite multiple warnings being present. It aims to understand what was so surprising and to explain the effect of the surprise, the foreign, security, and defense policy U-turn. In order to understand this puzzle the thesis uses a framework based on strategic surprise theory from the victims perspective and concludes that surprise theory alone cannot explain the effect of the Ukraine crisis and thus leaves the research puzzle unanswered. By adding to the theory the concept of cognitive vicinity an answer to the research question is brought to light. The surprise lies in the realization of worrying similarities, a distinct feeling of proximity, in the circumstances surrounding Ukraine and Sweden. It became evident that if it could happen to Ukraine, something similar could happen to us.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7913479 bytes, checksum: 21446ebd3faf52f23d1b4002918b70d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to evaluate the quality of vicinity parks and neighborhood parks by obtaining qualitative indices, enabling diagnostics that can support planning activities. Assuming that the terms of vicinity parks and neighborhood parks belongs to the system of free and green areas within the urban structure and the lack of a qualitative evaluation difficults research and analysis of such spaces, we sought to define the indicators of quality required for the composition of technical evaluation methodology. Particularized to the ecological functions, urbanistic, aesthetic, social and of leisure, the choice of qualitative attributes in theoretical references of various authors that regards the qualitative importance of cited elements was based on the evaluation methodology, as well as in the participation of specialists in the urban themes, which helped in the development and definition by completing a questionnaire where they could evaluate the elements that are considered essential in the composition of the vicinity and neighborhood parks. The object of study are the vicinity parks and neighborhood parks in view of its relative standardization or programmatic similarity. Thus, will be presented as indices of quality, the results obtained by applying this methodology. The landscape unit chosen for application of the methodology were the neighborhoods Torre and Madalena, in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, at 2011. The survey sample was first defined by the relationship that each Recife's political-administrative region (PAR) has with the number of parks in total area (m²). Being the PAR 04 the political-administrative region that has the highest concentration of parks in square meters, were selected by raffle, two neighborhoods located in this PAR. The definition of the basic units of study was considered from the function as recreation and social interaction support and the following criteria: location and dimensions, resulting in the selection of a vicinity park at Madalena's neighborhood and a neighborhood park at Torre. Thus, the adoption of this methodology for evaluate the quality of vicinity parks and neighborhood parks, would test the degree of universality and appropriateness of the parameters of the assessments. The results showed that the quality levels obtained by applying the methodology of technical qualitative evaluation were consistent with the perception of quality assigned by the community. It was found that the indicators system of the quality index of vicinity park and quality index of neighborhood park showed to be adequate and consistent for measuring the qualitative aspects, particularized to the ecological functions, urbanistic, aesthetic, social and of leisure, thus giving valid subsidies for urban and environmental planning. / O presente trabalho visa avaliar a qualidade dos parques de vizinhança e parques de bairro através da obtenção de índices qualitativos, viabilizando diagnósticos que possam subsidiar ações de planejamento. Partindo do pressuposto de que as modalidades parques de vizinhança e parques de bairro pertencem ao sistema de áreas livres e verdes dentro da estrutura urbana e que a ausência de um padrão de avaliação qualitativa dificulta a pesquisa e análise de tais espaços, buscou-se definir os indicadores de qualidade necessários para composição da metodologia de avaliação técnica. Particularizado para as funções ecológica, urbanística, estética, social e de lazer, baseou-se a escolha dos atributos qualitativos em referências teóricas de vários autores que consideram a importância qualitativa dos elementos citados na metodologia de avaliação, bem como na participação de especialistas ligados à temática urbana, os quais auxiliaram no desenvolvimento e definição através do preenchimento de um questionário no qual puderam avaliar os elementos que são considerados imprescindíveis na composição dos parques de vizinhança e de bairro. O objeto de estudo são os parques de vizinhança e parques de bairro tendo em vista sua relativa padronização ou semelhança programática. Sendo assim, serão apresentados, na forma de índices de qualidade, os resultados obtidos através da aplicação desta metodologia. A unidade da paisagem escolhida para aplicação da metodologia foram os bairros da Madalena e da Torre, em Recife, no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, no ano de 2011. O levantamento amostral foi definido primeiramente pela relação que cada região político-administrativa (RPA) do Recife possui com o quantitativo de praças em área total (m²). Sendo a RPA 04 a região político-administrativa que possui a maior concentração de praças, em metros quadrados, foram selecionados através de sorteio, dois bairros localizados nesta RPA. A definição das unidades básicas de estudo foi considerada a partir da função como suporte de recreação e de convívio social e dos seguintes critérios: localização e dimensão, resultando a seleção de um parque de vizinhança no bairro da Madalena e um parque de bairro, na Torre. Assim, a adoção dessa metodologia para avaliação da qualidade dos parques de vizinhança e parques de bairro permitiu testar o grau de universalização e adequação dos parâmetros das avaliações. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis de qualidade obtidos através da aplicação da metodologia de avaliação técnica qualitativa foram compatíveis com a percepção de qualidade atribuída pela comunidade. Constatou-se que os sistemas de indicadores do índice de qualidade de parque de vizinhança (IQPV) e índice de qualidade de parque de bairro (IQPB) mostraram-se adequados e coerentes para mensurar os aspectos qualitativos, particularizados para as funções ecológica, urbanística, estética, social e de lazer, fornecendo desta maneira, subsídios válidos para o planejamento urbano e ambiental.

Les réseaux opportunistes (DTN) permettent d'utiliser de nouveaux vecteurs de transmissions. Avant de pouvoir profiter de toutes les capacités des DTN, nous devons nous pencher sur la compréhension de ce nouveau paradigme. De nombreuses propriétés des réseaux DTN sont maintenant reconnues, cependant les relations entre un noeud du réseau et son voisinage proche ne semblent pas encore avoir été passée au crible. Souvent, la présence de noeuds voisins proches mais pas directement lié par le contact est ignorée. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons à quel point considérer les noeuds à proximité nous aide à améliorer les performances DTNs.En identifiant le paradoxe binaire dans les DTN, nous montrons que les caractérisations actuelles ne sont pas suffisantes pour bénéficier de toutes les possibilités de transmission dans les DTN. Nous proposons une définition formelle du voisinage pour les DTNs avec le ``k-vicinity''. Nous étudions les caractérisations temporelles du k-vicinity avec différentes données. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur l'étude de l'organisation interne du k-vicinity. Nous avons crée le Vicinity Motion qui permet d'obtenir un modèle markovien à partir de n'importe quelle trace de contact. Nous en extrayions trois mouvements principaux: la naissance, la mort et les mouvements séquentiels. Grâce aux valeurs du Vicinity Motion, nous avons pu créer un générateur synthétique de mouvements de proximité nommé TiGeR. Enfin, nous posons la question de la prévisibilité des distances entre deux noeuds du k-vicinity. En utilisant le savoir emmagasiné dans le Vicinity Motion, nous mettons au point une heuristique permettant de prédire les futures distances entre deux noeuds. / The networking paradigm uses new information vectors consisting of human carried devices is known as disruption-tolerant networks (DTN) or opportunistic networks. We identify the binary assertion issue in DTN. We notice how most DTNs mainly analyze nodes that are in contact. So all nodes that are not in contact are in intercontact. Nevertheless, when two nodes are not in contact, this does not mean that they are topologically far away from one another. We propose a formal definition of vicinities in DTNs and study the new resulting contact/intercontact temporal characterization. Then, we examine the internal organization of vicinities using the Vicinity Motion framework. We highlight movement types such as birth, death, and sequential moves. We analyze a number of their characteristics and extract vicinity usage directions for mobile networks. Based on the vicinity motion outputs and extracted directions, we build the TiGeR that simulates how pairs of nodes interact within their vicinities. Finally, we inquire about the possibilities of vicinity movement prediction in opportunistic networks. We expose a Vicinity Motion-based heuristic for pairwise shortest distance forecasting. We use two Vicinity Motion variants called AVM and SVM to collect vicinity information. We find that both heuristics perform quite well with performances up to 99% for SVM and around 40% for AVM.

Pedestrian walking and choice behavior presented was first studied by Fruin in 1971, and since then a lot of research have been carried out in order to understand how humans move and what does make them make choices and obtain certain patterns. In relation to pedestrians, a significant bottleneck inside public stations evaluated by research are the level-change facilities, as Stair Walks and Escalators. The aim of this research is studying how pedestrian behave in the vicinity to stairways and escalators, and how does that affect pedestrian choice, speed and acceleration when choosing one of the two facilities. Also, with a need for more data on pedestrian traffic, further data collection is a big requirement to analyze their behavior and use as tools in future measures. At last, how to optimize the movement of pedestrians in relation to level changes, considering the effects of the movements observed. Two case studies were analysed, Stockholm Central Station and Uppsala Central Station.The study compares data collection methods, tracking methods and previous studies to better fit the scope of this research. The data is backed up from previous research and explains which method better fitted the options available. As a result, video data collection was chosen to collect the data, a semi-automatic tracking software called T-analyst was used to extract speed, trajectories and acceleration from the videos, and microsimulation modelling from VISSIM further investigated different design options to optimize the overall performance and improve travel time in the same area. The analysis found out that there was a possibility to increase the overall performance of the location in higher flow levels, where the most significant queues could be seen, since there was the possibility to achieve higher speeds by modifying the width and position of the stair walks, which allow for a smaller queue in both directions.

<p>The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years.</p><p>The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied.</p><p>The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors over the spatial scales. The finding is that the spatial scale of vicinity and demographic factors contribute most to place attractiveness.</p><p>The third paper studied regional growth from the demand side of the labour market by focusing on workplace and its economic performance. The ‘floating grid’ approach was once more applied while the basic analysis unit is a constructed workplace that holds working-square, local area and hinterland as surrounding zones. The economic performance of the workplace was attributed to external demand, local demand, business environment and labour force factors over different spatial scales. A method was developed to quantitatively identify intervals of partial explanatory effects that are components of the total explained variance. It was found that working-square and labour force factors contribute most to workplace economic performance.</p>

The aim of the thesis is to quantitatively study the driving forces and mechanisms for regional growth from an endogenous and exogenous perspective and reveal the most important factors contributing to regional growth, by focusing on three aspects: local labour market, the supply side and the demand side of the labour market. The thesis is designed to use Swedish micro register data to develop spatial models with higher spatial resolution. It was found that endogenous factors are important and probably explain about at least one third of total regional economic growth. Among the endogenous factors, localised demographic composition, labour force and labour market, firms, and business environment have the strongest influence on regional economic growth. The findings from the Swedish context were briefly compared to China’s economic growth in the last fifty years. The thesis consists of three related papers. The first paper studied the endogenous and exogenous factors in 108 Swedish LA regions during the 1990s. By using the SNI92 code, individual longitudinal data and an improved shift-share analysis method, it was found that the endogenous factor is important for regional economic growth because it is able to accelerate, decelerate or reverse the impact from exogenous factors during the period studied. The second paper studied regional growth from the supply side of the labour market by focusing on population redistribution and place attractiveness. A ‘floating grid’ approach was developed to understand the factors shaping place attractiveness. The approach disregards administration zones by focusing on a small spatial unit—vicinity which is one kilometre square. Each unit has a unique set of surrounding zones that are local area and hinterland. By constructing spatial models, the total explained variance in place attractiveness was decomposed into partial explanatory effects that are assigned for physical attraction, demographic, service and labour market factors over the spatial scales. The finding is that the spatial scale of vicinity and demographic factors contribute most to place attractiveness. The third paper studied regional growth from the demand side of the labour market by focusing on workplace and its economic performance. The ‘floating grid’ approach was once more applied while the basic analysis unit is a constructed workplace that holds working-square, local area and hinterland as surrounding zones. The economic performance of the workplace was attributed to external demand, local demand, business environment and labour force factors over different spatial scales. A method was developed to quantitatively identify intervals of partial explanatory effects that are components of the total explained variance. It was found that working-square and labour force factors contribute most to workplace economic performance.

This diploma thesis discuss a flow in a vicinity of exhaust valve using computational of fluid dynamics. In a light of current state of the problem solution this approach is forward but very sophisticated. Intention of author is description of multidimensional boundary of characteristic variables which determinates the flow behaviour for given geometry and boundary conditions. Technical knowlegde of fluid flow in vicinity of exhaust valve allow to design geometry which provide more effective cylinder flush out berofe the exhaust stroke will become. This process reduce quantity of loss work of piston and improve its effective pointers.