We present HST spectroscopy for 45 cataclysmic variables (CVs), observed with HST/COS and HST/STIS. For 36 CVs, the white dwarf is recognisable through its broad Ly a absorption profile and we measure the white dwarf effective temperatures (T-eff) by fitting the HST data assuming log g = 8.35, which corresponds to the average mass for CV white dwarfs (similar or equal to 0.8M(circle dot)). Our results nearly double the number of CV white dwarfs with an accurate temperature measurement. We find that CVs above the period gap have, on average, higher temperatures (< T-eff > similar or equal to 23 000 K) and exhibit much more scatter compared to those below the gap (< T-eff >similar or equal to 15 000 K). While this behaviour broadly agrees with theoretical predictions, some discrepancies are present: ( i) all our new measurements above the gap are characterized by lower temperatures (T-eff similar or equal to 16 000-26 000 K) than predicted by the present-day CV population models (T-eff similar or equal to 38 000-43 000 K); (ii) our results below the gap are not clustered in the predicted narrow track and exhibit in particular a relatively large spread near the period minimum, which may point to some shortcomings in the CV evolutionary models. Finally, in the standard model of CV evolution, reaching the minimum period, CVs are expected to evolve back towards longer periods with mean accretion rates. M less than or similar to 2 x 10(-11)M(circle dot)yr(-1), corresponding to T-eff less than or similar to 11 500 K. We do not unambiguously identify any such system in our survey, suggesting that this major component of the predicted CV population still remains elusive to observations.

Nesse trabalho discutimos a formação de componentes estreitas de linhas de emissão observadas em espectros de algumas novas. Nós estudamos as possíveis fontes físicas no sistema binário responsável pela emissão das componentes estreitas de altos fluxos que apresentam velocidade radial, primeiramente identificadas nas linhas de recombinação da nova recorrente U Sco em sua erupção de 2010. Uma busca por novas candidatas a apresentarem o mesmo fenômeno em seus espectros é mostrada, indicando pelo menos 11 outras novas com espectros similares. Nós comparamos a presença dessas componentes com parâmetros básicos das novas e com a classificação espectral na fase inicial permitida da evolução espectral. Modelos de fotoionização mostram que a região emissora de tal radiação não deve ser restrita ao lóbulo de Roche, uma vez que seu volume é insuficiente para reproduzir os fluxos observados. Uma análise comparada também exclui o disco de acreção e a cromosfera da secundária como fontes da radiação. Nós sugerimos a região em torno de L3 como uma possível região emissora, com base nas simulações de fotoionização. / In this paper we discuss the formation of peculiar narrow emission line components observed in the spectra of a few novae. We aim to identify the physical source in the binary system responsible for the emission of transient narrow components that present orbital radial velocity modulations, first observed in the post-outburst recombination lines of Nova U Sco 2010. A search for candidate novae showing similar narrow components is presented, indicating at least 11 other novae with similar spectra. We compared the presence of these components to nova basic parameters and to the spectral classification in the initial permitted phase of the spectral evolution. Photoionization simulations indicate that the forming region cannot be restricted to the primary Roche Lobe, as its volume is not large enough to reproduce the observed fluxes. A detailed analysis also excludes the accretion disk and the the secondary\'s cromosphere as sources of the radiation. We suggest the region around L3 as a possible emitting region, based on photoionization simulations.

There is no abstract available for this thesis. / Department of Physics and Astronomy

Nesse trabalho discutimos a formação de componentes estreitas de linhas de emissão observadas em espectros de algumas novas. Nós estudamos as possíveis fontes físicas no sistema binário responsável pela emissão das componentes estreitas de altos fluxos que apresentam velocidade radial, primeiramente identificadas nas linhas de recombinação da nova recorrente U Sco em sua erupção de 2010. Uma busca por novas candidatas a apresentarem o mesmo fenômeno em seus espectros é mostrada, indicando pelo menos 11 outras novas com espectros similares. Nós comparamos a presença dessas componentes com parâmetros básicos das novas e com a classificação espectral na fase inicial permitida da evolução espectral. Modelos de fotoionização mostram que a região emissora de tal radiação não deve ser restrita ao lóbulo de Roche, uma vez que seu volume é insuficiente para reproduzir os fluxos observados. Uma análise comparada também exclui o disco de acreção e a cromosfera da secundária como fontes da radiação. Nós sugerimos a região em torno de L3 como uma possível região emissora, com base nas simulações de fotoionização. / In this paper we discuss the formation of peculiar narrow emission line components observed in the spectra of a few novae. We aim to identify the physical source in the binary system responsible for the emission of transient narrow components that present orbital radial velocity modulations, first observed in the post-outburst recombination lines of Nova U Sco 2010. A search for candidate novae showing similar narrow components is presented, indicating at least 11 other novae with similar spectra. We compared the presence of these components to nova basic parameters and to the spectral classification in the initial permitted phase of the spectral evolution. Photoionization simulations indicate that the forming region cannot be restricted to the primary Roche Lobe, as its volume is not large enough to reproduce the observed fluxes. A detailed analysis also excludes the accretion disk and the the secondary\'s cromosphere as sources of the radiation. We suggest the region around L3 as a possible emitting region, based on photoionization simulations.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22248号 / 理博第4562号 / 新制||理||1655(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 野上 大作, 教授 嶺重 慎, 教授 長田 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

We present an ongoing, five-year systematic search for extragalactic infrared transients, dubbed SPIRITS-SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey. In the first year, using Spitzer/IRAC, we searched 190 nearby galaxies with cadence baselines of one month and six months. We discovered over 1958 variables and 43 transients. Here, we describe the survey design and highlight 14 unusual infrared transients with no optical counterparts to deep limits, which we refer to as SPRITEs (eSPecially Red Intermediate-luminosity Transient Events). SPRITEs are in the infrared luminosity gap between novae and supernovae, with [4.5] absolute magnitudes between -11 and -14 (Vega-mag) and [3.6]-[4.5] colors between 0.3 mag and 1.6 mag. The photometric evolution of SPRITEs is diverse, ranging from < 0.1 mag yr(-1) to > 7 mag yr(-1). SPRITEs occur in star-forming galaxies. We present an indepth study of one of them, SPIRITS 14ajc in Messier 83, which shows shock-excited molecular hydrogen emission. This shock may have been triggered by the dynamic decay of a non-hierarchical system of massive stars that led to either the formation of a binary or a protostellar merger.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Photometry of eclipsing dwarf-nova EX Draconis was performed at the observatory of Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic in Ondřejov and at the Astronomical Observatory on Kolonické sedlo during 63 nights. I calculated times of minimum light by two methods - the mirror method and the derivative method. The mirror method is more precise for these measurements with longer exposure time and smaller coverage of the light curve of eclipse. 53 new times of minima calculated by the mirror method and times of minima obtained from the older articles about EX Dra were included in the O-C diagram and fitted by the sine function and theoretical curve of LITE caused by an unseen third body. Period of cyclic changes for the sine function is 25 years, instead of 4 or 5 years period given in older papers.Period of the third body orbit is aproximately 17 years and its minimum mass is 53.5 Jupiter's mass. The sum of squared deviations is 5 times smaller for the LITE, which means that the LITE ilustrates the O-C diagram better. I determined the average outburst period for three observational seasons and I drew the phase curve of outburst. Finally, I calculated the short period of the light changes outside eclipse.

We present a spectral analysis of the spectrum from the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (HST/COS) of the southern VY Scl nova-like variable BB Doradus, obtained as part of a Cycle 20 HST/COS survey of accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in cataclysmic variables. BB Dor was observed with COS during an intermediate state with a low mass accretion rate, thereby allowing an estimate of the WD temperature. The results of our spectral analysis show that the WD is a significant far-ultraviolet (FUV) component of the spectrum with a temperature of about 35,000-50,000 K, assuming a WD mass of 0.80 M-circle dot (log(g) = 8.4). The disk, with a mass accretion rate of approximate to 10(-10) M-circle dot yr(-1), contributes about 1/5 to 1/2 of the FUV flux.

We present infrared spectroscopy of the classical nova V339 Del, obtained over an similar to 2-yr period. The infrared emission lines were initially symmetrical, with half width half-maximum velocities of 525 km s(-1). In later (t greater than or similar to 77 d, where t is the time from outburst) spectra, however, the lines displayed a distinct asymmetry, with a much stronger blue wing, possibly due to obscuration of the receding component by dust. Dust formation commenced at approximately day 34.75 at a condensation temperature of 1480 +/- 20 K, consistent with graphitic carbon. Thereafter, the dust temperature declined with time as T-d alpha t(-0.346), also consistent with graphitic carbon. The mass of dust initially rose, as a result of an increase in grain size and/or number, peaked at approximately day 100, and then declined precipitously. This decline was most likely caused by grain shattering due to electrostatic stress after the dust was exposed to X-radiation. The appendix summarizes Planck means for carbon and the determination of grain mass and radius for a carbon dust shell.