The presented thesis deals with the topic of development of communication abilities in preterm infants from the perspective of special education. The thesis is for clarity divided into several parts. In the first part of the text the issue of incidence of premature births in the Czech Republic is discussed, following subsections are devoted to the definition and distribution of characteristics bonding with immaturity of child and approach selected health problems associated with postpartum adaptation and subsequent psychomotor development of child. The following chapter which analyzes the system of care for premature newborns in the Czech Republic focuses on two forms of care, acute care and followed-up. Next part has been devoted to issue of premature infants from logopedical perspective and describes the physiological process of development of communication abilities of child and based on current knowledge, especially foreign research, analyzes the peculiarities of speech development of preterm infants. The last and key part of the work, based on case studies, analyzes the specifics of development of communication abilities of four originally extremely and very preterm children of multiple pregnancies in the background of the their overall psychomotor development. KEYWORDS premature infant,...

The thesis, or more precisely its theoretical part, introduces the field of Neonatology, namely the specification of premature newborns concerning supportive care for them. In the thesis, the basic concepts of Neonatology are presented as well as the system of neonatological care, including the needs of premature newborns, which are part of everyday nursing care. Following the above chapters, the thesis describes not only the nursing care as such but also the possibilities of psychosocial care in Neonatology. For a more comprehensive presentation of the issue of premature newborns, the thesis also includes findings concerning ethical issues in Neonatology and it introduces some organizations in the Czech Republic, which are an integral part of the supportive care. The character of the thesis should correspond with the program of nursing care, namely nursing in selected clinical disciplines - the module of paediatrics. In the empirical part of the thesis, qualitative research by interviewing has been used. Despite this scientific approach is more time-consuming, the author considered this method more meaningful and natural concerning the chosen topic because it concerns the support of the lives of these children and their families. Premature newborns are unique, affecting and enriching human being as such. The target of the thesis was firstly to find out how supportive care in premature newborns is perceived by its providers, secondly to disclose the considerations of the care providers regarding premature newborns in České Budějovice. The research was effectuated in connection with the above objectives, which have importance and a significant value for the author. Conclusions of the Thesis: The informants assumed that society didn't have enough information about the provided services. Almost all the informants collaborated on some research or project. As service providers, the respondents acknowledged the comments from the clients. The informants were interested in improving or enhancing the services. The addressed people have specified many factors and difficulties that make their work difficult. The informants concretized foreign experience. The respondents felt considerate enough. The informants expressed sincerely that there was a lot of space for improvement in their profession. The respondents mostly took a partner and gentle stand to the premature newborns and their families. The service providers gave due reasons for a specific approach in their statements. The informants expressed their respect for premature newborns and their families, giving a specific justification. They mostly expressed respect for the needs of the families, for the biorhythms of the baby, for the naturalness, the intuition and the personal pace of the baby. The thesis can be seen as a source of information for both the general and professional public, which could improve current practice. Based on the presentation of the issue through the thesis, the author has published a guide on premature newborns.

This diploma thesis deals with the issues of a family of a newborn with a developmental risk. The theoretic part deals with the most common problems endangering the healthy development of a newborn, also with family and the process of coping with the crisis. Further on, it deals with possibilities of family support during their stay in hospital and also after the baby has been discharged into home care, using the support of non-health care groups. The objective of the diploma thesis was to detect possibilities of psycho-social support for the family of a newborn with a developmental risk. The thesis answers questions of, how parents feel in this situation after the birth of their child, during its stay in hospital and subsequently after the discharge into home care, what kind of support services they use to help them manage this period. Further on it deals with questions of whether the information of support options is sufficient and whether this support system works from the parent?s perspective.This diploma thesis was processed on a basis of qualitative survey results. The questioning method of half-format with parents was used and the method of document summary analysis. The investigated samples were parents of ten children treated in The Developmental Care Unit of Neonatology ward in the hospital of České Budějovice a.s. During the hospitalization of the child, it is important, that the medical team communicates openly, gives well timed and clear information and allows direct involvement in the child care. The outcome of this investigation points out the important role of the partner, family and friends as the main source of support. Also sharing feelings and needs with other parents is rand as a considerable source of support. However, the mothers especially, miss this sharing opportunity after their baby has been discharged into home care. Another interesting outcome is the absence of a psychologist, who specializes in newborn matters as an important source of support for parents. The survey shows, how important the psychosocial support is for parents, not just during hospitalization, but also after the discharge of their baby. Whereas they feel that the healthcare service is adequate, they especially miss the psychosocial support after the discharge from hospital. This is especially true of families of babies with developmental risk, without any serious health problem. Listed subjects could be used by professionals dealing with care of newborn with developmental risk, who provide complex care for families of the children with perinatal condition. Therefore, specialized psychological help should be an evident part of the care provided. The hypothesis were determined on the basis of qualitative survey results, which could be verified by further investigation:Hypothesis 1: For mothers of a newborn with developmental risk it is important to get help in the framework of supporting parental groups.Hypothesis 2: After the discharge of their child into home care, parents would appreciate psychosocial support in the framework of outpatient service.

This diploma thesis deals with infant massage and its associated effects. The work has been carried out through a qualitative method through a case study which monitors the close interaction between a child and their parent. The theoretical part contains information about the International Infant Massage Association, whose method of massage we have used to carry out this work. We also focus on the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal period in the research; both in terms of physiological development of the child under one year and in terms of the future mother. As for the mother, we are also concerned with their physical activity during pregnancy and after birth. We explain how important the actual touch is in a massage and discuss how the massage affects the baby and the technique used. The synthetic part contains individual case reports, evaluation. In conclusion, all participating mothers evaluate the IAIM methodology positively.

The topic of the thesis Nursing Care of Newborns in the Process of Perioperative Care deals with specific and distinct features of such care from the viewpoint of nursing. The main objective was to specify all tasks of nurses in the process of perioperative care and the procedures they use. Last but not least, we focused on how the nursing care differs with regard to the age of newborns. The selected research method was qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with nurses from perinatology centers. The research covered 10 respondents with various levels of education and lengths of practical experience. Nurses most frequently understand the term of perioperative care as the care provided before, during and after a surgery. Most of them actually perform preparation of the child before the surgery and then they provide postoperative care. Only 2 out of the 10 respondents are directly involved in the surgery procedure and thus accompany the newborns throughout the entire process of perioperative care. The care provided before the surgery most often includes identification of the child, checking of its vital functions, involvement in blood collection, including intravenous cannulation, administration of prescribed medication, preparation of the surgical site and communication with the parents. Children are most frequently accompanied by their mothers and nurses need to communicate with them. Nurses transport the child to the operating room, hand the child over and subsequently take it back after the surgery. They also record all those activities in the medical files and in some cases they check signed informed consents. Intraoperative care consists mainly of monitoring of the newborn, assisting to the physician in airway management - intubation and during the entire surgery procedure. The most common surgical procedures performed in children are hernia, bowel and heart surgeries. The nurses also generally mentioned surgeries of developmental disorders. After the surgery nurses usually move the child to the neonatology intensive care unit which is equipped with a ventilator, incubator and all types of medication. They regularly check and record child´s vital functions, monitor the surgical wound and its proximity, intake and excretion, they provide nutrition etc. Nurses also assess the pain, most frequently using the NIPS scale, and they educate the parents. Post-surgery complications occur only sporadically and they include infections, bleeding or abstinence syndrome after administration of opiates. The collected data have shown only one difference relating to the age of newborns who underwent a surgery. Specifically, certain surgeries, e.g. of necrotic enterocolitis, are performed more frequently on less mature newborns. In general, most of the surgeries are performed on prematurely born neonates and extremely immature neonates. When asked what they would like to change or improve in the perioperative care from the nursing point of view the nurses primarily mentioned more contacts between the mother and child and consistent compliance with aseptic procedures. The responding nurses were mostly content, they praised the highly specialized care and the good cooperation between the nursing team and the medical team which consists of pediatricians and specialists. Results of those teams thus contribute to continually decreasing mortality rate of high-risk and pathological newborns and to better quality of life of those children after the surgery.

The main purpose of the research was to explore the role of the community nurse in the care of newborns, infants and their mother and how this kind of care could be included in the current system of preventive care for newborns and infants in the Czech Republic. The research was developed by qualitative and quantitative design. In the first stage of the research, interviews with nurses from the PLDD outpatient department and mothers of infants in the South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions were conducted. Non-standardized questionnaires for nurses and mothers were created from the obtained data. The statistical processing was carried out with MS Excel, where absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and the relationships among the variables at the significance level ? = 0.05 were tested by the use of the chi-squared test and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. For the needs of the qualitative survey, a research group of six mothers of infants and seven nurses from the PLDD outpatient departments in the South Bohemian and Pilsen Regions was chosen by deliberate selection. For the quantitative survey, a research group of 254 mothers of babies aged 12-24 months was chosen by deliberate selection. The research group of nurses was chosen by deliberate selection and consisted of 196 nurses working in PLDD outpatient departments for more than one year. Multiparas have provably more information at leaving the maternity hospital about breastfeeding techniques, breast milk pumping, nappy changing, hygienic care and bathing, dressing, sleeping, umbilical cord care, and safe handling of the baby. Information about the prevention of sudden infant deaths or the storage of breast milk is at the same level for primiparas as for multiparas. It was found out that there is a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness and the occurrence of problems in the first year of the child's life. The personal experience of nurses with the visiting service has an influence on whether they attach importance to this service. The current model of preventive care of newborns and babies needs to be critically analysed and appropriately complemented by interventions of the visiting service.

Neonatology is a branch of medicine which consists of the medical care not only of healthy newborn infants, but also of the ill or premature ones. The number of the premature born infants increases constantly worldwide. It might be caused by women postponing their pregnancies, and very likely also by the growing number of pregnancies achieved by the assisted reproductive technologies. Thanks to improvements in perinatal care of risk pregnancies, guiding preterm labour, and development of neonatal intensive care, it has become possible to save more infants born at the very margin of viability with an extremely low birth weight. The diagnostic, therapeutic and nursing techniques have been developing steadily. It's the methods providing maximum comfort for the child and ensuring the quality of their later life that have been put into forefront. They are a set of measures, which do not disturb the child's reflex behaviour; they support its physiological stability, and thus foster growth and development of the immature organism. The aim of this diploma work is to map the specific needs of the newborn infants with an extremely low birth weight, to find out how these needs are satisfied during the first days after birth, and to determine, how the nursing care supporting the development of the infants takes place in the real life. The theoretical part of the diploma work is based on the scientific papers and resources. The empirical part is based on an observation method, which was carried out at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital in Pilsen. The survey proved that the infants' needs are not only on the biological level, but also on the emotional level, and they need appropriate sensomotoric stimulation. The outcomes of the observation show that the greatest problem of the newborn infants with an extremely low birth weight is to satisfy the biological needs i.e. breathing, feeding and defecation. The need of safety and stimulation was satisfied only partly. Based on the information collected by observing the nursing staff, it was possible to lay out areas with a potential to improve the individualized care of the newborns with an extremely low birth weight. These are, above all, the increased level of noise at the unit and thus the sense of sleep and wakefulness of the infants. Furthermore, it's the stimulation of the children and the communication with the parents. The outcomes of the empirical part of this diploma work will be presented at the seminar of the perinatal centre.

I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...

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This thesis deals with nursing care of skin defects using a wet therapy in neonatology. The first section summarizes information related to preterm infants, the development of the individual layers of the skin in the embryonic period. It lists the types of skin defects which the neonatolgy nurse may frequently encounter at the department with including a list of modern therapeutic coverage that can be used. It lists a brief history of wound healing too, focusing just on the development of the wet therapy . Furthermore is marginally discussed the evaluation and documentation of damage to the skin wound. For interest, the thesis mentions a case reportof the preterm newborn with the necrosis of the lower limb, accompanied by commentaries of the alternative treatment for this type of skin damage from my own experience. The second part is assessing the awareness of the nurses in the modern methods of the healing. The priority is the mapping of the experience in using the wet therapy through the quantitative research, which is mediated by an anonymous questionnaire. The main goal of the research is to determine the awareness of the nurses from the neonatology intensive care unit, resuscitation and intermediate care in the nursing of the skin defects using a wet therapy. For this purpose the chosen method...