The aim of this work was a research of the genetic variability of natural populations of Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Aphididae) by means of microsatellite markers and markers for EPIC-PCR. First goal was to introduce the methods and optimise them for Diuraphis noxia. In the follow-up pilot study, specimens from 47 lines representing 12 populations from all over the world were analysed. Having used microsatellite markers, I proved expected variability among individual populations and within them. The highest genetic variability was detected between Chile and Algeria using markers for cytochrome C in EPIC-PCR. These findings can be used for further studies of the genetic variability of the aphid Diuraphis noxia.