Tagging has proven attractive to art museums as a means of enhancing the indexing of online collections. This paper examines the state of the art in tagging within museums and introduces the steve.museum research project, and its study of tagging behaviour and the relationship of the resulting folksonomy to professionally created museum documentation. A variety of research questions are proposed and methods for answering them discussed. Experiments implemented in the steve.museum research collaboration are discussed, preliminary results suggested, and further work described.

This brief position statement relates to a more sustained argument presented in published paper, available at: http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/2477. / This position paper presents and argument for "A Humanities Program," as a contribution to the mapping work for the arts and humanities in information science, prepared for the â Mapping Work in the Arts and Humanities: A Participatory Panel Discussionâ at ASIS&T 2008, organized by SIG-AH. Panelists: Kristin Eschenfelder (moderator and chair). Panelists: Marija Dalbello, Paul Marty, Stephen Paling (panel organizer), Scott Simon, John Walsh, Megan Winget and Lisl Zach.

An overview of resources and techniques for literature searching in mental health

The research report from the Principal Investigator of the first IMLS funded steve.museum research project. / Tagging has proven attractive to art museums as a means of enhancing access to on-line collections. The steve.museum research project studied tagging and the relationship of the resulting folksonomy to professionally created museum documentation. A variety of research questions were proposed, and methods for answering them explored. Works of art were assembled to be tagged, a tagger was deployed, and tagging encouraged. A folksonomy of 36,981 terms was gathered, comprising 11,944 terms in 31,031 term/work pairs. The analysis of the tagging of these works - and the assembled folksonomy - is reported here, and further work described. Tagging is shown to provide a significantly different vocabulary than museum documentation: 86% of tags were not found in museum documentation. The vast majority of tags - 88.2% - were assessed as Useful for searching by museum staff. Some users (46%) always contributed useful tags, while others (5.1%) never assigned a useful tag. Useful-ness increased dramatically when terms were assigned more than once. Activity for Registered Users was approximately twice that of Anonymous Users. The behaviour of individual supertaggers had far more influence on the resulting folksonomy than any interface variable. Relating tags to museum controlled-vocabularies proved problematic at best. Tagging by the public is shown to address works of art from a perspective different than that of museum documentation. User tags provide additional points of view to those in existing museums records. Within the context of art museums, user contributed tags could help reflect the breadth of approaches to works of art, and improve searching by offering access to alternative points of view. Tags offer another layer that supplements and complements the documentation provided by professional museum cataloguers.

Providing collections of resources â books, journals, videos, CDs, papers â was and still is a major function of academic libraries to support learning. When resources were offered electronically, libraries responded proactively, integration was done naturally into a virtual environment of learning. Leveraging on the convenience and speed of technology to meet the information needs of students was a challenge that could not be ignored. This paper highlights user education initiatives that relate to the support of learning and teaching in the virtual environment.

Reduced bone mass is a common complication of human inflammatory bowel disease, however, the mechanisms that contribute to osteopenia are not completely understood. Cytokines are up regulated in IBD patients and have been shown to have detrimental effects on osteoblasts. PHEX is expressed predominantly in osteoblasts; disruption of the PHEX gene results in defective bone mineralization and renal phosphate wasting. We hypothesize that PHEX gene expression as well as overall Pi homeostasis are altered in individuals with IBD and therefore, may contribute to alterations in bone mineral density observed in individuals with IBD. In vivo studies: 6-7 week old Balb/C mice were intrarectally instilled with TNBS or 50% ethanol. Animals were treated with or without neutralizing anti-TNFα antibody, dietary curcumin, or systemically with recombinant TNFα. RNA was prepared from bone and gene expression was analyzed by PCR. Kidney and small bowel were harvested from control and TNBS treated animals and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical analysis. In vitro studies: Cells were treated with IFNγ, IL1-β, IL-6, or TNFα and RNA was collected for real-time PCR analysis. UMR-106 cells were transfected with Phex promoter constructs. PHEX is down-regulated in mice with chemically induced colitis and in the mice injected with TNFα, this decrease was attenuated by curcumin and TNFα antibody. TNFα decreased endogenous levels of PHEX mRNA, protein, and inhibited spontateous mineralization in UMR-106 cells. This regulation occured at a transcriptional level and it appears that the proximal poly-A region of the PHEX promoter played a significant role in downregulation of Phex expression. Phosphatonin expression was not altered in TNFα-treated UMR-106 osteoblasts. Cytokines were unable to alter phosphatonin mRNA expression in UMR-106 cells and no changes in phosphatonin expression were observed in vivo. Intestinal NaPi-IIb mRNA expression decreased in TNBS-treated animals although immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal any changes in cellular localization of NaPi-IIb protein. Renal NaPi-IIa mRNA did not change in TNBS-treated animals however, immunohistochemical analysis revealed internalization of NaPi-IIa from the apical membrane. In conclusion, decreased phosphate absorption in the kidney along with altered Phex gene expression may contribute to decreased bone mineral density observed in IBD patients.

The vulnerability of GPS to interference has been a major concern for both military and civilian applications, including small UAVs. Various signal processing techniques have been developed to improve the reliability of GPS receivers against different types of interference. Among these techniques, null steering is recognized as an effective method to protect GPS against both narrowband and broadband interference. However, due to the requirement of multiple antenna channels, it has mainly been implemented for large platform applications. This thesis examines the suitability of null steering techniques for small UAV applications and determines the practically achievable anti-jamming ability by implementing a two-element miniaturized adaptive antenna array. The adaptive antenna array is tested against a 2MHz broadband jamming signal under both laboratory testing conditions and a real jamming environment. Approximately 40dB anti-jamming range was achieved in the laboratory testing conditions. 38dB and 42dB were obtained in a real jamming environment with different antenna configuration. The likely performance limitations and possible further performance enhancements are also outlined in this thesis. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1363608 / Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) - University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2008

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Null subjects in Brazilian Portuguese display a puzzling distribution that has not been fully accounted in current literature. In short, null subjects are seen in different patterns in matrix and embedded clauses. Furthermore, declaratives and questions also show a different distribution of null subjects, and WH movement seems to play a part in blocking null subject licensing in questions. This work aims to propose a solution to this puzzle by presenting a model centered around φ-feature and discursive (δ) feature interaction at the Left Periphery. The main historical assumption being that BP displays properties of a discursive-oriented language, an hypothesis based on the extended contact the language had with Bantu throughout its history. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Les nucléotides et nucléosides sont des molécules essentielles à la vie. Outre leurs fonctions intracellulaires, ils jouent un rôle dans la communication intercellulaire. Les nucléotides et nucléosides sont libérés dans l’espace extracellulaire par différents mécanismes et ensuite rapidement métabolisés par des ecto-nucléotidases. Ils exercent leurs effets paracrines et/ou autocrines en activant des récepteurs présents à la surface membranaire des cellules. Les récepteurs P1, au nombre de quatre (A1, A2A, A2B et A3), sont activés par l’adénosine. Les récepteurs P2X1-7 ont une activité intrinsèque de canal ionique et sont essentiellement activés par l’ATP. Les récepteurs P2Y possèdent sept domaines transmembranaires et sont couplés à des protéines G. A ce jour huit sous-types ont été identifiés : P2Y1,2,4,6,11,12,13,14. Ces récepteurs sont activés par des nucléotides adényliques (ATP et ADP) et/ou uridyliques (UTP, UDP et UDP-glucose). Les récepteurs P1 et P2 modulent l’activité de multiples processus biologiques : système immunitaire (A2A, P2X7, P2Y11,…), agrégation plaquettaire (P2Y1, P2Y12, P2X1), tonus vasculaire, angiogenèse,… Notre laboratoire a identifié et caractérisé plusieurs récepteurs P2Y : P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11 et P2Y13. Ce dernier est activé par l’ADP et est couplé à une protéine Gi. L’abondance du transcrit P2Y13 murin est caractérisée par l’ordre suivant : rate >> pancréas > foie = cerveau. Afin de déterminer son rôle physiologique, nous avons généré une lignée de souris invalidées pour le récepteur P2Y13. Après avoir validé l’inactivation du gène P2Y13 dans ces souris, nous avons analysé leur phénotype. Les souris P2Y13-/- ne présentent pas d’anomalie évidente : elles sont viables, fertiles et se développent normalement. Etant donné le profil d’expression de ce récepteur, nous avons analysé leur système immunitaire, en particulier les cellules dendritiques (DC). In vivo, l’invalidation du récepteur P2Y13 ne semble pas avoir d’impact sur les réponses inflammatoires (choc septique, infiltration de neutrophiles, test à la formaline) et auto-immunes (uvéorétinite expérimentale). In vitro, nous avons montré que l’ADPβS induit une mobilisation de calcium cytoplasmique dans les DC spléniques et qu’il stimule l’endocytose d’antigènes par celles-ci. L’utilisation de DC transgéniques a permis d’exclure l’implication du récepteur P2Y13 et a montré que ces effets sont médiés par le récepteur P2Y12 qui est également activé par l’ADPβS. Ces observations suggèrent qu’il serait intéressant d’analyser le système immunitaire des souris P2Y12-/-, en particulier les réponses immunes dépendantes des DC. D’autre part, ce travail a débouché sur la mise en évidence d’un effet anti-inflammatoire médié par le récepteur de l’adénosine A2B dans les DC dérivées de la moelle osseuse. Enfin, nous avons récemment mis en évidence un rôle potentiel du récepteur P2Y13 dans le métabolisme des glucides et des lipides. Nous avons observé que les souris P2Y13-/- produisent plus d’insuline en réponse à une injection de glucose que les souris contrôles tandis que leur glycémie ne semble pas altérée. De plus, les souris P2Y13-/- sous régime riche en graisses reproduisent 3 caractéristiques du syndrome métabolique chez l'homme : surpoids, dyslipidémie (augmentation des triglycérides et du non HDL-cholestérol) et hyperinsulinémie. Notre travail de thèse débouche donc sur deux conclusions et une perspective : • l’adénosine exerce une action anti-inflammatoire sur les cellules dendritiques dérivées de moelle osseuse via l’activation du récepteur A2B ; • le récepteur P2Y12 est exprimé fonctionnellement dans les cellules dendritiques murines et stimule l’endocytose ; • le récepteur P2Y13 pourrait jouer un rôle important dans le contrôle du métabolisme des lipides et des glucides ainsi que du poids corporel, suggérant que des agonistes spécifiques de ce récepteur pourraient permettre de contrecarrer l’obésité et ses conséquences métaboliques néfastes.