Niche segregation among 4 species of sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis, M. scorpius, M. scorpioides and Gymnocanthus tricuspis) inhabiting the east coast of James bay was studied along estuarine and depth gradients at different times of year between 1987 and 1990. A high degree of habitat overlap and absence of feeding segregation among sculpins was observed. M. quadricornis and M. scorpius dominated catch in the estuary and in the coastal zone, respectively. M. scorpioides and G. tricuspis were less abundant and generally avoided the estuary. G. tricuspis was the only cottid which seemed to migrate. Significant differences in the diets were observed at different sites, seasons and years, but not along depth gradients (2 a 20 m). The distribution and abundance of sculpins appeared to be regulated by physical (salinity and temperature) and biological (competition) factors.

This thesis seeks to identify the mosaic, rather than the monolithic, nature of culture contact by integrating historical and archaeological sources relating to the concept of gender roles, as they influence response within a contact situation. Specifically, I examine how the Inuit gender system structured artifact patterning in Inuit-European contact situations through the investigation of three Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. These date from the 16th, 19th and early 20th centuries and represent a variety of seasonal occupations and dwelling forms. / The ethnographic data suggest that Inuit gender relations were egalitarian and complementary. On this basis I hypothesize that European goods and materials were used equally by men and women. Within each gendered set of tasks, European goods and materials were differently used, according to empirically functional criteria such as the nature of the tasks. / Opportunities for and responses to European contact differed depending on the types of tasks in which Inuit women and men engaged and the social roles they played. Seasonality of occupation bears upon the archaeological visibility of gender activities. / Sixteenth-century Elizabethan contact did not alter Nugumiut gender roles, tasks, authority or status but served primarily as a source of raw material, namely wood and iron. Based on the analysis of slotted tools I suggest a refinement to take account of the overlap in blade thickness that occurs for metal and slate, and which depends on the function of the tool. I conclude that there was much more metal use by Thule Inuit than previously believed. However, during Elizabethan contact and shortly afterwards there was actually less metal use by the Nugumiut than in the prehistoric era. / Little archaeological evidence was recovered for 19th-century commercial whaling contact, (suggesting geographic marginality to European influence), or for 19th century Inuit occupation in the area. This is partly because of immigration to Cumberland Sound and because of subsequent structural remodelling of the dwellings by later occupants. / By the early 20th century, the archaeological record showed not only equal use of European material across gender but a near-ubiquitous distribution across most activity classes, even though commercial trapping never replaced traditional subsistence pursuits but only supplemented them.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Dec. 2, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Background: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among Inuit is over 400 times that of Canadian-born non-indigenous people. To address this, more patients will need to complete preventative treatment. Methods: First, data were extracted retrospectively for all patients with a tuberculin skin test (TST) implanted in Iqaluit, Nunavut between January 2012 and March 2016 and used to identify sources of loss from the latent TB infection (LTBI) cascade of care. Associations between demographic and clinical factors and treatment non-initiation and treatment non-completion were identified using regression models. Second, using a slightly expanded version of the retrospective dataset plus other sources, a Markov model was utilized to assess the cost-effectiveness of a novel shortened regimen for LTBI (12 weeks of once weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP)) compared to the current standard of care (9 months of isoniazid monotherapy (9H)). Results: Treatment non-initiation and non-completion were the largest sources of loss of TST positive patients from the cascade of care. LTBI testing via employment screening was associated with treatment non-initiation while older age was associated with both treatment noninitiation and non-completion. In cost-effectiveness analysis, 3HP was dominant over 9H: costs were lower ($835 vs $1229 per person) and health outcomes slightly improved (20.14 vs 20.13 QALYs gained per person treated), largely due to an improved treatment completion with 3HP. Conclusions: Interventions to increase LTBI treatment initiation and completion in Iqaluit are needed. This could include the use of 3HP instead of 9H for LTBI treatment which may improve treatment completion and result in cost savings and slightly improved health outcomes.

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Climate change in Nunavut is rapidly impacting key wildlife, ice and weather patterns, and Inuit travel on land, water, and ice. This, in turn, affects Inuit livelihoods, culture, health, and well-being. In 2022, the Nunavut Research Institute (NRI) and Government of Nunavut Climate Change Secretariat (CCS) identified the need to understand the diversity of climate change projects that have taken place across the territory over the last two decades (2004-2021). Recognizing that not all climate change research conducted is published in academic literature, an analysis of climate change research in Nunavut was undertaken according to licensed and permitted research (from the NRI, Government of Nunavut Department of Environment, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Parks Canada), as well as federal climate change funding programs targeted to support northern- and Indigenous-led initiatives (Climate Change Preparedness in the North Program, Indigenous Community-Based Climate Monitoring Program, Climate Change and Health Adaptation Program). CCS priority themes were used to analyze licensed/permitted/funded project summaries, including: Built Infrastructure & Services, Community & Connection; Food Sovereignty; Health, Safety & Wellness; Healthy Environment; Inuit Culture & Heritage; and, Livelihoods & Growth. Key findings highlight that: 1) climate change research has increased in Nunavut since 2004; 2) climate change research is led primarily by Canadian Universities, followed by the Government of Canada, and Nunavut Inuit Organizations; 3) most research projects relate to Healthy Environments, with predominant emphasis on physical/natural sciences; and, 4) Nunavut licensing, permitting, and funding agencies can enhance coordination and collaboration to reduce duplicated effort and streamline review processes. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / In Nunavut, climate change is impacting ice and weather patterns, wildlife, and Inuit travel on the land, water, and ice, which in turn affects Inuit health and well-being. In 2022, the Nunavut Research Institute (NRI) and Government of Nunavut Climate Change Secretariat (CCS) identified the need to understand: What climate change research has been done in Nunavut since the last review in 2004? Data analysis was conducted according to the CCS’ seven priority areas. The results of this study highlight that: 1) climate change research has increased in Nunavut since 2004; 2) climate change research is led primarily by Canadian Universities, followed by the Government of Canada, and Nunavut Inuit Organizations; 3) most research projects relate to Healthy Environments, with predominant emphasis on physical/natural sciences; and, 4) Nunavut licensing, permitting, and funding agencies can enhance coordination and collaboration to reduce duplicated effort and streamline review processes.

Current geomorphic processes and recent morphological changes were investigated in the lower ablation and proglacial zones of the White and Thompson glacier complex, Axel Heiberg Island, Northwest Territories. Study of glacier front evolution and frontal moraine development over the last three decades (1959-1989) is based on photographic, cartographic and geodetic information acquired by researchers since the late 1950's updated by surveys of glacier-distal moraine perimeter position in the summer of 1989. Even though both glaciers are juxtaposed in the lowermost ablation zone, it was found that the White Glacier has receded circa 100 m while the Thompson Glacier front has progressed downvalley by approximately 500 m. Other findings include: (1) the uneven retreat of the White Glacier ice front; (2) the shrinking widthwise of the White Glacier and lengthwise of its frontal moraine due to the pushing action of the advancing Thompson Glacier and (3) the asymmetric development of the Thompson Glacier frontal moraine. / A series of measured transects and comparative photography for 1989 and 1990 provided information on short-term morphologic changes occurring within and beyond the moraine complex.