Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7103_1.pdf: 507908 bytes, checksum: 6ef133e23e6f6d90788e592e30e48405 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / O presente trabalho visa ao estudo da eficácia diferida nas decisões em controle abstrato de constitucionalidade no direito brasileiro. Para tanto, fez-se necessária a apresentação dos sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade americano e austríaco, bem como a análise da natureza da eficácia e dos efeitos das decisões em ambos os modelos. A partir dessas informações, é avaliado o controle judicial de constitucionalidade das leis no Brasil (os seus aspectos, a natureza, os efeitos e a eficácia das decisões proferidas). Por fim, avalia-se a legitimidade social e jurídica do novo instituto implantado no Brasil

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About a decade ago, Adam Elga introduced philosophers to an intriguing puzzle. In it, Sleeping Beauty, a perfectly rational agent, undergoes an experiment in which she becomes ignorant of what time it is. This situation is puzzling for two reasons: First, because there are two equally plausible views about how she will change her degree of belief given her situation and, second, because the traditional rules for updating degrees of belief don't seem to apply to this case. In this dissertation, my goals are to settle the debate concerning this puzzle and to offer a new rule for updating some types of degrees of belief. Regarding the puzzle, I will defend a view called "the Lesser view," a view largely favorable to the Thirders' position in the traditional debate on the puzzle. Regarding the general rule for updating, I will present and defend a rule called "Shifted Jeffrey Conditionalization." My discussions of the above view and rule will complement each other: On the one hand, I defend the Lesser view by making use of Shifted Jeffrey Conditionalization. On the other hand, I test Shifted Jeffrey Conditionalization by applying it to various credal transitions in the Sleeping Beauty problem and revise that rule in accordance with the results of the test application. In the end, I will present and defend an updating rule called "General Shifted Jeffrey Conditionalization," which I suspect is the general rule for updating one's degrees of belief in so-called tensed propositions.

Cette thèse interroge les fondements de la pensée d’Ivan Illich et ses implications pour la manière d’être les uns avec les autres et pour le langage. La pensée d’Illich s’ancre dans une vision singulière de l’être humain en tant que créature qui atteint la perfection en s’engageant dans une relation à l’autre, une relation libre, gratuite, et pleinement incarnée. J’explore les formes que prend cette idée à travers trois grands axes qui traversent l’oeuvre d’Illich : la relation entre soi et l’autre, le rôle des institutions et la pratique du langage. Dans un premier temps, j’examine le geste de pensée d’Illich, c’est-à-dire la manière dont il tente de faire de la quête de vérité une pratique conviviale, entre amis. Il s’inscrit par là en lien avec la figure du Samaritain issue de la parabole des Évangiles, qu’il interprète toutefois de manière très personnelle, hors de la tradition chrétienne. Ce lien étroit au Samaritain ouvre la question du jeu entre la foi et l’intellect dans sa pensée. Dans un deuxième temps, partant de cette interprétation, j’expose la vision du monde et des rapports entre les êtres qui en découlent. Selon Illich, Jésus révèle qu’aucune règle ne peut me dicter qui est mon prochain : je me porte vers lui d’un geste libre et gratuit qui émerge des entrailles, comme celui du Samaritain envers le Juif. Les Évangiles ouvrent ainsi une possibilité inédite d’être les uns avec les autres au-delà des règles d’appartenance à un groupe (clan, ethnie, nation etc). Cette idée particulière amène Illich à percevoir les institutions et les organisations qui structurent la société occidentale comme le résultat d’une perversion de cette relation, puisqu’elles cherchent à garantir, par une structure ou un service, ce qui devait rester une vocation personnelle librement assumée. Pour Illich, c’est en renonçant à toute garantie et au pouvoir dans le monde, que nous pouvons encore être les uns avec les autres à la hauteur de notre vocation de créature. Les réflexions de Jean-Luc Nancy sur l’être-les-uns-avec-les-autres offrent ici un contrepoint qui répond aux intuitions d’Illich et montre à quel point elles débordent la tradition chrétienne en se tenant au plus près de la condition simplement humaine. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, j’aborde le langage comme revers incorporel de cette irréductible condition d’être les uns avec les autres. Selon Illich, la perversion atteint aussi la langue dans laquelle nous nous parlons. Il en retrace l’origine au Moyen-Âge, au moment où émergent la notion de « langue maternelle » et l’idée de l’enseigner. Illich montre néanmoins, par sa pratique et dans ses textes, qu’une parole non ii pervertie continue d’exister, rythmée par le silence de l’ascèse et de l’écoute. Les mots de Paul Celan sur la persistance de la parole dans un monde corrompu rejoignent ici ceux d’Illich, ils les relaient et y répondent : s’ouvre ainsi un riche dialogue sur la possibilité toujours présente, mais jamais garantie, de se parler les uns aux autres. À travers tous ces enjeux, la pensée d’Illich revient sans cesse à la dimension temporelle du hic et nunc, l’ici et maintenant entre nous, difficile à saisir par l’esprit. / This thesis explores the foundations of Ivan Illich’s thinking and its implications for language and for our ways of relating to one another. His thinking is rooted in a singular vision of the human being as a creature who achieves perfection by establishing a relationship that is free and fully incarnate. I explore this fundamental idea through three major lines of thought running through Illich’s oeuvre : relations between self and other; the role of institutions; the practice of language. In the first chapter I examine this vision through Illich’s way of thinking together with friends, a convivially practiced search for truth. He thus places himself in the filiation of the Good Samaritan from the parable of the Gospels. In Illich’s highly personal interpretation, which stands outside the mainstream Christian tradition, this parable bears on the relationship between faith and reason. In Illich’s view, Jesus reveals that no rule dictates who is my neighbor: the Samaritan’s gesture of charity toward the Jew is completely gratuitous and comes from a deeply felt unease (Illich refers to the Hebrew word rhacham, often translated as mercy). In the second chapter I discuss the worldview that results from such an interpretation. For Illich, the Gospels open up a unique opportunity to be with each other beyond the rules that frame various groups (clan, tribe, nation etc). This thinking leads him to perceive the institutions and organizations of Western society as resulting from a perversion of that opportunity, because they seek to guarantee—through a structure or a service—precisely what should remain a freely-chosen, personal inclination. Illich demonstrates that by renouncing any guarantee and power in the world, we can still be with each other and live up to our personal inclination as creatures. Jean-Luc Nancy’s thinking on being-one-with-another offers here a counterpoint to Illich’s intuition and shows how this intuition goes beyond the Christian tradition by fully adhering to the human condition. Finally, in the third chapter, I approach language as the intangible reverse side of the irreducible condition of being with one another. According to Illich, the language we speak has also been corrupted through institutionalization. He traces the origin of this corruption to the Middle Ages, with the emergence of the notion of "mother tongue" and of its transmission via teaching. Through both his practice and his writing, however, Illich shows that uncorrupted speech remains possible, when punctuated by the silence of asceticism and listening. The iv words of Paul Celan on the persistence of speech in a corrupt world relays and responds to Illich’s thoughts on this theme, thus opening a rich dialogue on the possibility—always present, but never guaranteed—to speak with one another. Interwoven throughout these themes is the temporal dimension of hic et nunc, the here and now between us, which constantly surfaces in Illich’s writings yet remains difficult to grasp with the human mind.

The aim of the diploma thesis "Current issues of judicial proceedings in cases of international protection" is the evaluation whether the amendment of Asylum Act sufficiently fulfils requirements of the procedural Directive 2013/32/EU regarding the right to effective remedy. Namely these requirements are full and ex nunc examination of both fact and points of law that composes large part of this thesis, suspensive effect and time limits. In order to reach the goal of this thesis several questions are given which one of them relates to the right to effective remedy in international, European and national law. Hence the chapter two deals with the right to effective remedy in European Convention on Human Rights, Convention against Torture and International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights same as in EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Czech Republic. Afterwards the thesis presents the main principles of administrative judiciary such as cassation principle and principle ex tunc and specifics of judicial proceedings in cases of international protection. Crucial part of the thesis is the chapter four that analyses above mentioned requirements of procedural Directive 2013/32/EU and transposition of these requirements by the amendment of Asylum Act....