A nursing research is an integral part of the nursing. An implementation of research activities in this field makes a basis for an improving of the nursing care and a development of the discipline itself. For nurses working in a clinical department who should carry out research investigations, there is important a knowledge how to conduct investigations and a support from the hospital management. Without this support they could not put the research results into practice which is currently based more on standard procedures. A theoretical part of the thesis deals with the nursing research, research concepts and its historical development. Then it also discusses ethical principles of the nursing research, nurses´ fundamental roles, evidence-based activities, opportunities of the research funding in the Czech Republic and an evaluation of a scientific work. An aim of the thesis was to establish the awareness, participation and interest of the primary and secondary level management in the nursing research. We have identified four hypotheses which we verified by a quantitative survey. H1: More general nurses with a higher education participate in the nursing research than the nurses who are graduates of the secondary medical school. H 2: General nurses-managers who completed a university education are better prepared for an implementation of the nursing research than nurses-managers with the secondary education. H3: The primary and secondary level nursing management of Hospital in České Budějovice participate in the nursing research more than the management from other hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. H 4: The nursing management which is involved in the nursing research apply the research results into practice. The quantitative survey was made by a questionnaire technique. The research sample consisted of nurses working on the positions of the secondary and primary level managers in the inpatients departments of hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. The investigation was conducted in eight hospitals in the South Bohemian Region. It is possible to say, that the awareness of the nursing research is on a good level, nearly half of the nurses monitor and apply the information and the research results in their clinical practice as well as most nurses are ready to implement either a simple research survey or to participate in the research under a guidance or to prepare and implement an independent research project. We believe that the nurses should be interested in the nursing research, but not as a part of their normal duties which they have in their workplace. For a development in the nursing field it is necessary to increase a further awareness of the nursing research and to encourage the nurses so that they should be interested to conduct this research. Results of the survey will be sent to the primary nurses/directors of the nursing in all of the addressed medical facilities. They may also serve as a basis for further research investigations. The lecture on the topic: ?The importance of the nursing research in the nurse´s work? will serve to raise the awareness of the nursing research.

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In order to eliminate the unnecessary suffering of children requiring painful procedures to diagnose and treat their illness, management of this pain must be a priority for nurses. The role nurses assume in the current undermanagement of children's pain requires further examination. In the first paper, a comprehensive review of the available literature on pediatric pain management was conducted in order to provide the context in which this issue is situated. The second paper is a qualitative inquiry seeking nurses' accounts of the individual level factors they identify that influence their choices for distraction to manage children's procedural pain. Nurses described the three key determinants of nursing knowledge, experience and relational capacity as influencing their practice. These descriptions provided an extended understanding on nurses' choices for using distraction to manage children's procedure-related pain. Nurses disclosed using distraction for themselves, as well as for the child experiencing a painful procedure.

This thesis focuses on the work of charge nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) as first-line managers. The practical part of the thesis aims at assessing the experience with nursing management in day-to-day routine, especially with the management of change introduction, conflict resolution and motivation of employees. It further compares different charge nurses' career beginnings. The second part of the research deals with personal typology of charge nurses. Twenty six ICU charge nurses were included into the study. The results indicate that charge nurses are not being specifically prepared for their job and that they particularly lack any special education in management. They usually solve conflicts either by compromise or via a directive. Most charge nurses intend to introduce changes into daily practice and they perceive changes as positive. Conversely, they describe the attitude of their subordinates towards changes as negative. Charge nurses generally know the motivators of their employees; however, they excessively and inappropriately use praising as motivation tool. Although not standardized and not used generally, a formal evaluation of employees is considered by charge nurses as a possible way to improve motivation. Allover, the study shows the need for a more thorough management training...

The Thesis deals with a change of an approach of a nurse to nursing care provision after her promotion to a managerial position. A nurse appointed to the position of charge or head nurse has different responsibilities, she becomes a manager, her colleagues have suddenly become her subordinates, whose work she has to organize, lead and control. A wide range of new responsibilities might change her approach to provision of nursing care. The aim of the Thesis was to discover whether and how the approach of a nurse to nursing care changes when she is appointed to a managerial position and how a nurse promoted to a managerial position achieves authority among her subordinates. The following hypotheses were chosen in relation to the aims of the Thesis. Hypothesis 1: The approach of a nurse to nursing care changes after being promoted to a managerial position. Hypothesis 2: A nurse promoted to a managerial position requires provision of nursing care in line with nursing standards. Hypothesis 3: A nurse promoted to a managerial position is responsible for nursing care quality. Further research questions were put: 1. Is it difficult for a nurse promoted to a managerial position to achieve authority among senior nurses? 2. Is it difficult for a nurse promoted to a managerial position to control nursing care provided by shift nurses? 3. Is it easier for a nurse promoted to a managerial position to organize work for shift nurses she did not work with before? Quantitative research in the form of questionnaires was applied to confirmation or refutation of the hypotheses. The research sample consisted of head and charge nurses from South Bohemian hospitals and from hospitals in Příbram and Pelhřimov. Qualitative research was organized in the form of unstructured interviews with head nurses from Hospital České Budějovice. After evaluation of the results all the three hypotheses showed confirmed. The research results confirm that an approach of a nurse changes after their promotion to a managerial position. They are much more responsible for quality work among her subordinates. The results of the work will be presented at all-house seminars and conferences and published in a specialized journal. The results will also be provided to the hospital management {--} to the Nursing Care Manager {--} and finally to the respondents involved in the research.

The thesis "Working strategies of nurses on manager posts" deals with issues of the professional role and manager position of a head nurse. With regard to changes in the area of health policy and health care providing, as well as is the relationship with the issue of professional fulfilment of women on the labour market generally, it is important to know views, ambitions, and motivations of nurses, and their working strategies on managing positions. It includes aspects of harmonizing their family and work roles, as these are the moments determining the position of most women in our working conditions to a significant extent. It is to say, managing of the nursing personnel and health care is a typical feminine position in the Czech Republic, adapting to given rules of the work organization and hierarchical structure of health institutions. The purpose of the thesis is to outline such a frame of reference, which would enable to better understand values and attitudes of head nurses. An indispensable part of this outlook is to understand, how their carriers developed, to identify their managing styles and guiding of the nursing team, as well as to map how their personal and professional roles pervade and affect each other. In this process, revealing long-term working strategies of head nurses is an important source of knowledge and at the same time, an attitudinal reflexion of these contexts by nurses themselves. Therefore, the development of the role of a nurse - manager (specifically, the head nurse and the ward sister) was described as the first item in the framework of the professional live of managing nurses; and conclusions of a series of research studies, focused on these issues, were presented. Additionally, the specificity of management in the nursing conditions was analyzed, including changes after 1989, and possibilities of education of nurses - managers. Finally, an empiric probe into the explored points at issue was carried out. Data acquired by means of semi-structured interviews with selected head nurses in faculty hospitals were integrated with the help of one of classical approaches, through so-called Grounded theory method. On basis of the data analysis, a model of professional paradigm was created, demonstrating several phases of the professional career, through which a head nurse passes, which were called for illustration: Seeking of domain, Circle (changing of nursing lines and sites), Virtue of necessity (situation, where a nurse caring of a child chooses a workplace, which enables such care), and Anchoring in the nursing branch. Then, the manager's career of the nurse unwinds form the "Anchoring in the nursing branch" phase. Life stories of head nurses, built on information from qualitative interviews, include predisposing factors for a managing position. Last but not least, it is also about some imprinting aspects from the childhood and adolescence (e.g., number of siblings, reasons for the selected study). After certain time, a nurse becomes a shift leader and a deputy ward sister, and subsequently, a ward sister and a head nurse. According to circumstances, she uses a combination of several managing styles in this position, like authoritative, democratic, and consultative. The theoretical model of professional paradigm of head nurses, construed on basis of empiric data analyses, opens a trail for further investigations, where it may be possible to examine some consequences in more detail, like the course of the professional career of nurses, their managing styles, etc. The acquired and classified evidences contribute to enriching current state of knowledge of certain segments of nursing issues. For instance, the top management of health institutions may use them in planning and implementation of some policies in the area of human resources, or educational institutions may use it for better and more accurate setting of educational concepts of future head nurses.