This study by the human capital point of view, discuss on the nursing professional human capital, and its investment and return as well as nursing competence. Effective samples from 25 different level teaching hospitals amounted to 2,101. In this cross-sectional research, development "nursing competence" scale, by items analysis and explorations as well as confirmed factors analysis, extracted into six factors, named for: integrated care plans, care interventions and communication, self-growth and professional development, management, and coordination and teaching competence, modified to 33 questions items, Cronbach ' s alpha value for 0.885~0.937. Developed evaluation scale for clinical ladder system by 18 items, including 2 factors, personal and professional growth and organizational resource factors, Cronbach ' s alpha values was .875 and .967. Use statistical software Spss 14 and Mplus to test of multivariate and cross-level analysis. The result was that "nursing clinical level" is a very good indicator to the human capital, will affect the "clinical ladder investment evaluation" and "competence"; " Clinical ladder system "will affect the" nursing competence ". Regulation effect of organizational factors, "resource from organization" may affect the relationship of "nursing clinical ladder systems evaluation and nursing competence ". "Hospital grading" has parts of impact on nursing competence. Nurse is worthy human capital, that individuals and organizations should continue to invest obtain the best value for return.