Die eingereichte Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der messtechnischen Erfassung sowie der Modellierung von Haftkräften zwischen rauen Oberflächen. Dabei wurden durch Variation von Flüssigkeiten sowie dem Nutzen beschichteter Oberflächen verschiedene Benetzungseigenschaften eingestellt und untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden neben dem Kontaktwinkel der untersuchten Systeme die freien Ober- und Grenzflächenenergien bestimmt und mit den Kräften korreliert. Es zeigte sich, dass Haftkräfte auf rauen Oberflächen stets über mehrere Größenordnungen verteilt vorliegen. Die Beschreibung der ermittelten Verteilungen ist dabei entweder durch statistischer Funktionen oder zumindest teils auch durch eine im Rahmen der Arbeit entwickelten Modellierung möglich. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass eine Unterteilung in verschiedene Haftmechanismen (durch Kapillarbrücken oder van der Waals- sowie polare Wechselwirkungen) vorgenommen werden kann. Kapillarbrücken bilden dabei die größten Kräfte aus. Sie entstehen auf Grund nanoskaliger Blasen (Nanobubbles), welche vor allem auf schlecht benetzenden Oberflächen existieren.

The thesis aims to synthesize hyperbranched poly(urea-urethane) polymers (HPU) in one-pot method using commercially available monomers which are 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) as aromatic diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2(3-isocyanatopropyl) cyclohexylisocyanate (IPCI) as aliphatic diisocyanates. Those proposed diisocyanates were reacted with diethanolamine (DEA) or diisopropanolamine (DIPA). Conditions of polymerisation reactions were optimised. Complete structural analysis using 1H and 13C NMR for the obtained aromatic polymers was carried out. Degree of branching up to 70% was calculated. Aliphatic polymers have spectra with overlapped signals therefore, no full structural analysis was possible. Molar masses were determined using SEC/RI detector which shows that the prepared polymers have Mw values between 1600 g/mol and 106000 g/mol. Thermal analysis for different polymer systems showed that aliphatic HPU are more thermally stable and have values of glass transition temperature higher than aromatic ones. Modification of the end groups in the prepared hyperbranched polymers was carried out using three different modifiers and degree of modification up to 100%. Linear polymers based on the same diisocyanate monomers were prepared to compare the properties of hyperbranched systems with their linear analogs. Measurements of solution viscosity showed that HPU have lower solution viscosity values than their linear analogs of comparable molar masses. Rheological measurement of some polymer samples of different systems were carried out and showed that our hyperbranched systems exhibit a more elastic behavior than the linear polymers. Surface studies for thin films prepared from different polymer systems (hyperbranched, linear and modified) were carried out and the obtained thin films were characterized using light microscope, microglider, GC-MS, and AFM. Contact angle measurements showed that HPU have a relatively hydrophilic character. The modified polymers have higher contact angle values than the unmodified ones due to the lack of OH end groups. Networks based on aliphatic and aromatic HPU were prepared through the reaction of HPU with trimer of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and characterised by DSC, GC-MS, DMA and AFM. The domain size in aromatic networks was found to be larger than in aliphatic networks. Tensile test was carried out and it was found that aliphatic network is more elastic than aromatic one.

The thesis aims to synthesize hyperbranched poly(urea-urethane) polymers (HPU) in one-pot method using commercially available monomers which are 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) as aromatic diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2(3-isocyanatopropyl) cyclohexylisocyanate (IPCI) as aliphatic diisocyanates. Those proposed diisocyanates were reacted with diethanolamine (DEA) or diisopropanolamine (DIPA). Conditions of polymerisation reactions were optimised. Complete structural analysis using 1H and 13C NMR for the obtained aromatic polymers was carried out. Degree of branching up to 70% was calculated. Aliphatic polymers have spectra with overlapped signals therefore, no full structural analysis was possible. Molar masses were determined using SEC/RI detector which shows that the prepared polymers have Mw values between 1600 g/mol and 106000 g/mol. Thermal analysis for different polymer systems showed that aliphatic HPU are more thermally stable and have values of glass transition temperature higher than aromatic ones. Modification of the end groups in the prepared hyperbranched polymers was carried out using three different modifiers and degree of modification up to 100%. Linear polymers based on the same diisocyanate monomers were prepared to compare the properties of hyperbranched systems with their linear analogs. Measurements of solution viscosity showed that HPU have lower solution viscosity values than their linear analogs of comparable molar masses. Rheological measurement of some polymer samples of different systems were carried out and showed that our hyperbranched systems exhibit a more elastic behavior than the linear polymers. Surface studies for thin films prepared from different polymer systems (hyperbranched, linear and modified) were carried out and the obtained thin films were characterized using light microscope, microglider, GC-MS, and AFM. Contact angle measurements showed that HPU have a relatively hydrophilic character. The modified polymers have higher contact angle values than the unmodified ones due to the lack of OH end groups. Networks based on aliphatic and aromatic HPU were prepared through the reaction of HPU with trimer of 1,6-diisocyanatohexane and characterised by DSC, GC-MS, DMA and AFM. The domain size in aromatic networks was found to be larger than in aliphatic networks. Tensile test was carried out and it was found that aliphatic network is more elastic than aromatic one.

Die eingereichte Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der messtechnischen Erfassung sowie der Modellierung von Haftkräften zwischen rauen Oberflächen. Dabei wurden durch Variation von Flüssigkeiten sowie dem Nutzen beschichteter Oberflächen verschiedene Benetzungseigenschaften eingestellt und untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden neben dem Kontaktwinkel der untersuchten Systeme die freien Ober- und Grenzflächenenergien bestimmt und mit den Kräften korreliert. Es zeigte sich, dass Haftkräfte auf rauen Oberflächen stets über mehrere Größenordnungen verteilt vorliegen. Die Beschreibung der ermittelten Verteilungen ist dabei entweder durch statistischer Funktionen oder zumindest teils auch durch eine im Rahmen der Arbeit entwickelten Modellierung möglich. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass eine Unterteilung in verschiedene Haftmechanismen (durch Kapillarbrücken oder van der Waals- sowie polare Wechselwirkungen) vorgenommen werden kann. Kapillarbrücken bilden dabei die größten Kräfte aus. Sie entstehen auf Grund nanoskaliger Blasen (Nanobubbles), welche vor allem auf schlecht benetzenden Oberflächen existieren.

We theoretically and experimentally investigate the impact of pore space structure, wettability, and surface roughness on the displacement front, trapping, and sweeping efficiency at low capillary numbers. The microstructure of (i) 2D geologically-realistic media (2D natural sand and sandstone), (ii) a topological 3D-2D-transformation (2D sand analog), and (iii) geometrically representative media (Delaunay Triangulation) were studied over a wide range of wettability from water-wet to oil-wet systems provided by using various fluid-pairs. We observed the transition (compact to fractal) in the displacement front caused by local instabilities identified by Cieplak and Robbins. The trapping efficiency of 2D natural microstructures showed a non-monotonous dependency on wettability, whereas a crossover from no trapping to maximal trapping was observed in 2D patterns of circular grains. For the first time, we compared identical experimental microstructures with simulation, capturing the key elements of the invasion process. We demonstrated that corner flows occur particularly in low-porosity media, where the smaller grain-grain distance hindered the corner-flow bridging. These insights could improve the CO2 geological storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery processes.