MSc (Med), Bioethics and Health Law, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Rising levels of obesity pose a major threat to the public health system in South Africa and in many other parts of the world. Yet the question of whether or not the prevention of obesity should become a matter for public health remains contentious. In this research report, I explore the issues that surround a high burden of obesity in South Africa, including some contributing factors and arguments for and against public health intervention. I will show how globalization, a consumerist culture and the media's representation of "the good life" have contributed to the obesity epidemic. In this context, I will argue that the South African government has a responsibility to curb increases in obesity levels.