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This diploma thesis deals with evaluation of heterogeneity and harmfulness of weed infestation in selected crops. Literary part is focused on classification, spreading, harmfulness, utility and also regulation of weeds. Second part focuses on direct evaluation of field test in year 2012 in winter wheat and in year 2014 in spring barley on land in Žabčice. By all found weed species, crop equivalents were determined for specifying of harmfulness and mapping of theirs occurence on the land. Options of effective regulation of this weeds were suggested based on acquired results.

The diploma thesis examines the species diversity of weed communities in selected farm in the middle Elbe. Evaluation of the site is ranked in the sugar beet growing region. Specifically, it was evaluated weed plots Agromaso Ltd. in the immediate vicinity of the town Brandys nad Labem-Stara Boleslav at an altitude of 169 m n. m. Rated the weed in conventional crop farming in winter wheat and oilseed rape. Data collection was conducted in early March this year, before the spring herbicide treatment. Application of herbicides in cultures were performed in the fall. On each plot were evaluated with 5 random plots with an area of 1 m2 per headlands and 5 plots of the same area in the center stands. The values obtained were sorted into tables and graphs. Multivariate analyzes were investigated differences in species composition in the center stand and on headlands. Furthermore, differences in species composition of weed communities of cereals and oilseeds. These analyzes confirmed the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 1: weed species diversity at the edges and inside the land varies. This hypothesis was confirmed by multivariate analyzes. Diversity on the edges of the land was higher than in the centers stands. On the edges of the land occurred more weeds than in centers of growth. The center crop of winter wheat were the only two species of weeds, while the edge 8 kinds of weeds. On land with oilseed rape situation was similar, margins land accounted for nine weed species and hunting center, only 7 weeds. This fact is confirmed by the Shannon - Wiener index of diversity. Hypothesis 2: There are differences in species composition of weed communities of cereals and oilseeds (due to diversion from the original methodology was modified hypothesis). The research confirmed the hypothesis 2, multivariate analysis demonstrated that the species composition of grain and oilseeds differ. Effect of composition on the crop species spectrum was found to be statistically significant. Types Elytrigia repens, Apera spica venti, Stellaria media were found only in the growth of winter wheat. The crop of winter oilseed rape occurred entirely different kinds of weeds, for example. Sinapis arvensis, Galium aparine, Euphorbia helioscopia, Erodium cicutarium.

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BOČKOVÁ, T. Analysis of selected foods by NIR, Master thesis, MENDELU in Brno, 2015, 72p. The aim of the thesis was to examine samples of regionally grown cereals, oilseeds and legumes using NIR analyzer DA 7200 and compare the results to the tables and chemical analysis. A total of 26 samples were used. For the whole, crushed and milled grains and seeds, according to the type of the sample, analysis of water, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and starch were made. The content of crude protein was verified by the chemical laboratory. NIR measurements showed discrepancies in the case of evaluation of individual substances for the whole, crushed and milled grains or seeds, although the same material was used and the measured values should be similar. We have detected for example crude protein content in Apache (Litava) wheat sample by NIRS analysis 129,3 +- 1,78 g.kg-1 for the whole grains, 116,5 +- 0,72 g.kg-1 for the crushed grains and 100,9 +- 2,71 g.kg-1 for the milled grains. The chemical analysis for the same sample showed the value of 120,8 g.kg-1. According to the literature, the crude protein content in wheat should be between 118 and 132,1 g.kg-1. When evaluating the characteristics of the whole, crushed and milled samples crude protein content reached 135,6 +- 8,78 g.kg-1 for the whole, 132,3 +- 9,97 g.kg-1 for the crushed and 130,5 +- 11,55 g.kg-1 for the milled samples. Given that the crude protein measurement results were in accordance with the chemical analyses and the tabular values, it is apparent that the NIR analyzer is working properly. The results of this thesis, however, bring the presumption that the device setting is now not suitable for multiple analyses of different materials.

The aim of this master thesis is to analyse the current trends in production , consumption and trade in cereals and oilseeds. Furthermore, the work seeks to highlight the ever growing importance of these two groups of crop production. It also addresses the issue of declining growth in global agricultural production in relation to the growing population and the factors that affect the price of agricultural commodities. The entire work is conceived in three main chapters. The first provides a particular theoretical framework and includes definitions, localisation factors and many other basic data. The second chapter focuses on crop production in the world and its trends, paying particular attention to the group of cereals and oilseeds. Finally, the last chapter analyzes the world trade in cereals and oilseeds. It also examines the factors affecting prices of agricultural commodities and concludes prediction of the future development of the cereals and oilseeds sectors.

High quality multiplication material is created directly on a field. It's always about relation between seed and environment which is influenced by farmer. Within the Czech Republic the samples of certified cereal seeds were taken from the representative farmers, farm cooperatives and agricultural companies. After that they were subsequently analysed. The whole mentioned seed samples of the year 2013 comply with the legislative requirements. The term "seed quality" is often perceived as a subjective matter. Via questionnaire miniresearch it was found out how growers perceive offer and certified seed quality. At the same time the analyse of the actual certified organic seed need in the Czech Republic was carried out according to the given data of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The results doesn't correspond to the real cereal organic seed offer. The present situation in certified seed quality and organic seed offer represents an appeal for improvement and the future necessary amendment to the low.