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Object individuation in infancy: the value of color and luminanceWoods, Rebecca Jindalee 02 June 2009 (has links)
The ability to individuate objects is one of our most fundamental cognitive
capacities. Recent research has revealed that, when objects vary in color or luminance
alone, infants fail to individuate until 11.5 months. However, color and luminance
frequently co-vary in the natural environment, and color and luminance interact in
pattern detection, motion detection, and stereopsis. For this reason, we propose that
infants may be more likely to individuate when objects vary in both color and
luminance.
Using the narrow-screen task of Wilcox and Baillargeon, Experiments 1 and 2
assessed 7.5-month-old infants’ ability to individuate uniformly colored objects that
either varied in both color and luminance or varied in luminance alone. The results
indicated that infants used these features to individuate only when the objects varied in
both color and luminance. Thus, when color and luminance co-varied, infants used these
features to individuate objects a full 4 months earlier than infants use either feature
alone. Experiment 3 further explored the link between color and luminance by assessing
7.5-month-old infants’ ability to use pattern differences to individuate objects. Although
infants use pattern differences created from a combination of luminance and color
contrast by 7.5 months, results from Experiment 3 indicated that when pattern was
created from either color contrast or luminance contrast alone, infants fail to individuate
based on pattern. The results of Experiment 3 suggest that it is not the number of feature
dimensions that is important, but the unique contribution of both color and luminance
that is particularly salient to infants. These studies add to a growing body of literature
investigating the interaction of color and luminance in object processing in infants, and
have implications for developmental changes in the nature and content of infants’ object
representations.
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Infants' use of luminance information in object individuationWoods, Rebecca Jindalee 30 September 2004 (has links)
Recent research suggests that by 4 months of age infants are able to individuate objects using form features, such as shape and size, but surface features, such as pattern and color, are not used until later in the first year (Wilcox, 1999). The current study sought to investigate two possible explanations for this developmental hierarchy. The visual maturation hypothesis suggests that the order in which infants use features to individuate objects corresponds to the order in which they are most readily processed by the developing visual system. A second hypothesis, the information processing biases hypothesis, suggests that infants are biased to attend to form features because form features provide information that is relevant to reasoning about object interactions. One way to test these hypotheses is to investigate infants' ability to individuate objects based on luminance. Luminance is detected at birth, so, according to the visual maturation hypothesis, luminance, like shape and size, will be used to individuate objects early in the first year. However, luminance is a surface property, so according to the information processing biases hypothesis, luminance, like pattern and color, will be used to individuate objects late in the first year. In the current study, 7-month-old (Experiment 1) and 11-month-old (Experiment 2) infants' use of luminance information in an object individuation task was investigated. The narrow-screen event-monitoring paradigm developed by Wilcox and Baillargeon (1998a) was used. Infants saw an event in which a ball moved behind a screen and a second ball emerged from behind the opposite edge of the screen. In one condition, the balls were identical, suggesting the presence of one object (same-luminance condition), and in another condition, the balls differed in luminance, suggesting the presence of two objects (different-luminance condition). The screen was either too narrow (narrow-screen event) or sufficiently wide (wide-screen event) to occlude two objects simultaneously. Seven-month-olds looked equally at each event, whereas 11.5-month-old's looked longer at the narrow-screen event in the different-luminance condition. These results suggest that 11.5-month-olds, but not 7.5-month-olds used luminance information to conclude that two distinct objects were involved in the event, thus supporting the information processing biases hypothesis.
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Infants' use of luminance information in object individuationWoods, Rebecca Jindalee 30 September 2004 (has links)
Recent research suggests that by 4 months of age infants are able to individuate objects using form features, such as shape and size, but surface features, such as pattern and color, are not used until later in the first year (Wilcox, 1999). The current study sought to investigate two possible explanations for this developmental hierarchy. The visual maturation hypothesis suggests that the order in which infants use features to individuate objects corresponds to the order in which they are most readily processed by the developing visual system. A second hypothesis, the information processing biases hypothesis, suggests that infants are biased to attend to form features because form features provide information that is relevant to reasoning about object interactions. One way to test these hypotheses is to investigate infants' ability to individuate objects based on luminance. Luminance is detected at birth, so, according to the visual maturation hypothesis, luminance, like shape and size, will be used to individuate objects early in the first year. However, luminance is a surface property, so according to the information processing biases hypothesis, luminance, like pattern and color, will be used to individuate objects late in the first year. In the current study, 7-month-old (Experiment 1) and 11-month-old (Experiment 2) infants' use of luminance information in an object individuation task was investigated. The narrow-screen event-monitoring paradigm developed by Wilcox and Baillargeon (1998a) was used. Infants saw an event in which a ball moved behind a screen and a second ball emerged from behind the opposite edge of the screen. In one condition, the balls were identical, suggesting the presence of one object (same-luminance condition), and in another condition, the balls differed in luminance, suggesting the presence of two objects (different-luminance condition). The screen was either too narrow (narrow-screen event) or sufficiently wide (wide-screen event) to occlude two objects simultaneously. Seven-month-olds looked equally at each event, whereas 11.5-month-old's looked longer at the narrow-screen event in the different-luminance condition. These results suggest that 11.5-month-olds, but not 7.5-month-olds used luminance information to conclude that two distinct objects were involved in the event, thus supporting the information processing biases hypothesis.
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