Au cours des dernières décennies, la notion de carrière a cheminé d’une conception traditionnelle caractérisée par une mobilité ascendante au sein d’une seule organisation vers de nouvelles conceptions contemporaines : les carrières protéiformes, les carrières sans frontière, les carrières post-organisationnelles, etc. Les recherches distinguent deux dimensions. D’une part, la carrière objective représente la suite des postes occupés par un individu tout au long de sa vie professionnelle et, d’autre part, la carrière subjective est l’interprétation faite par l’individu de son parcours. Cette distinction est importante dans le sens où une même carrière objective peut être interprétée différemment par deux personnes. En ce sens, le « succès de carrière perçu » constitue une dimension importante de la carrière subjective. Il renvoie à la perception, par un individu, du fait que sa carrière peut être considérée comme un succès, comme un parcours « normal » ou comme un échec, soit dans l’absolu, soit par rapport à des objectifs initiaux qu’il s’était fixé. Le but de cette étude est de mesurer le sentiment de succès de carrière d’une population de cadres et d’en identifier les déterminants. Un deuxième objectif est d'étudier comment les ancres de carrière et l’auto-efficacité professionnelle prédisent le succès objectif et la satisfaction de carrière. Le dernier objectif est d’étudier l’influence du succès de carrière sur la satisfaction de vie et l’intention de départ. Notre modèle de recherche a été conceptualisé par une étude quantitative dans laquelle 362 cadres ont participé. Nous avons trouvé que la satisfaction de carrière prédit plus le succès de carrière perçu, la satisfaction de vie et l’intention de départ que le succès objectif. Les résultats montrent également que l’auto-efficacité professionnelle influence positivement la satisfaction de carrière et que seules l’ancres Management et Technique sont liées au succès objectif / Over the past decades, the concept of career has moved from a traditional conceptualization characterized by an upward mobility within a single organization to new contemporary designs: boundaryless careers, protean careers, post-corporate careers, etc. The research distinguish two dimensions. First, the objective career represents the result of the positions occupied by an individual throughout its work life. Second, the subjective career is the interpretation made by the individual of its work histories. This distinction is important because two persons may interpret a same objective career differently. In this sense, the ‘perceived career success’ constitutes an important dimension of subjective career. It refers to the perception, by an individual, of the fact that his/her career can be regarded as a success, as normal or as a failure, either in the absolute or relative to the initial goals that he/she had set. The purpose of this study is to measure the managers’ perceived career and to identify its determinants. A second goal is to study how career anchors and occupational self-efficacy predict objective success and career satisfaction. The last purpose is to study the influence of career success on life satisfaction and turnover intention. Using a sample of 362 French managers, we found that career satisfaction predicts more perceived career success, life satisfaction and turnover intention than doe’s objective career success. Our results also show that occupational self-efficacy influences positively career satisfaction and that only managerial and technical anchors have an impact on objective career success.

Career success has become one of the most central issues in the 21st century as the nature of careers has undergone major changes over the past two decades. The change in perception that has taken place in terms of the nature of work has led to increased uncertainty about career development as a construct and as a practice. Career success has therefore become not only of interest and concern for individuals, but also a priority to organisations as the realisation of employees’ personal goals and success can eventually contribute to the realisation of the organisation’s goals and successes. Therefore the general objective of this study was to explore the experience and conceptualisation of career success among South African executives. This study utilised a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach to investigate executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success. A non-probability purposive, voluntary sample of 24 participants was drawn from two seperate international financial organisations with offices located in Johannesburg. The data collection process was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the verbatim transcriptions that were captured from these interviews, were analysed using content analysis. The twelve main themes that were extracted from the interviews are set out as follow: general conceptualisation of career success; executives’ personal meaning associated with career success; transformation of perceptions; future goals of executives; factor’s influencing executives’ career success; personality attributes related to career success; contributing factors to the career success of executives; hindering factors in career success; potential for experiencing turnover intention; consequences of career success; role of the organisation; and prerequisites for career success. It is crucial that organisations be made more aware of the significance of executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success (as highlighted within this research).This is especially the case when considering future career and succession planning and mapping. Organisations should be familiar with the potential influencing and hindering factors (e.g. lack of opportunities, lack of support, organisational culture, etc.). They should be prepared to address the adverse impact that these factors could have as obstacles to employees and particularly for executives to attain career success. If these hindrances are not addressed it could lead to increased job dissatisfaction and consequently increased turnover intention. They should also be alert to the contributing factors and other factors conducive to career development (e.g. support and buy-in from organisation, or being given challenges and opportunities) that facilitate career success. By providing an environment that helps career development along, the experiece of career success is increased. This can lead to various positive outcomes, such as increased job performance, organisational commitment, employee engagement, career satisfaction and talent retention. Talent retention is particularly important as one can gather from the data collected among the executives. Thus, in order to retain them as valuable employees, it is crucial to address and fulfil their career needs accordingly. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Career success has become one of the most central issues in the 21st century as the nature of careers has undergone major changes over the past two decades. The change in perception that has taken place in terms of the nature of work has led to increased uncertainty about career development as a construct and as a practice. Career success has therefore become not only of interest and concern for individuals, but also a priority to organisations as the realisation of employees’ personal goals and success can eventually contribute to the realisation of the organisation’s goals and successes. Therefore the general objective of this study was to explore the experience and conceptualisation of career success among South African executives. This study utilised a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach to investigate executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success. A non-probability purposive, voluntary sample of 24 participants was drawn from two seperate international financial organisations with offices located in Johannesburg. The data collection process was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the verbatim transcriptions that were captured from these interviews, were analysed using content analysis. The twelve main themes that were extracted from the interviews are set out as follow: general conceptualisation of career success; executives’ personal meaning associated with career success; transformation of perceptions; future goals of executives; factor’s influencing executives’ career success; personality attributes related to career success; contributing factors to the career success of executives; hindering factors in career success; potential for experiencing turnover intention; consequences of career success; role of the organisation; and prerequisites for career success. It is crucial that organisations be made more aware of the significance of executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success (as highlighted within this research).This is especially the case when considering future career and succession planning and mapping. Organisations should be familiar with the potential influencing and hindering factors (e.g. lack of opportunities, lack of support, organisational culture, etc.). They should be prepared to address the adverse impact that these factors could have as obstacles to employees and particularly for executives to attain career success. If these hindrances are not addressed it could lead to increased job dissatisfaction and consequently increased turnover intention. They should also be alert to the contributing factors and other factors conducive to career development (e.g. support and buy-in from organisation, or being given challenges and opportunities) that facilitate career success. By providing an environment that helps career development along, the experiece of career success is increased. This can lead to various positive outcomes, such as increased job performance, organisational commitment, employee engagement, career satisfaction and talent retention. Talent retention is particularly important as one can gather from the data collected among the executives. Thus, in order to retain them as valuable employees, it is crucial to address and fulfil their career needs accordingly. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

O aumento do número de mulheres no mercado de trabalho, dos casais em que ambos trabalham enquanto mantêm uma vida familiar conjunta e dos novos arranjos familiares têm provocado uma lacuna nos estudos sobre as relações entre trabalho e não trabalho, já que esses estudos concentravam-se há três décadas na família como sinônimo de não trabalho. E essas relações ocorrem em um momento de destaque para a dimensão subjetiva na Gestão de Carreira: não apenas o sucesso socialmente visível (objetivo) é desejado pelos indivíduos, mas principalmente aquele que atende a seus desejos mais intrínsecos (subjetivo). Nesse contexto, esta tese tem como objetivo geral investigar o conflito trabalho-não trabalho (CTNT) e sua relação com os sucessos objetivo e subjetivo na carreira. Para atender a esse objetivo, cinco outros, específicos, foram elaborados, versando sobre: a) a alocação de tempo nas dimensões do não trabalho; b) a validação do construto multidimensional atual de conflito trabalho-não trabalho para uma amostra brasileira; c) as dimensões mais afetadas no conflito trabalho-não trabalho; d) a variação da alocação de tempo declarada, dos níveis de conflito trabalho-não trabalho e dos sucessos objetivo e subjetivo na carreira de acordo com características demográficas; e) a associação entre o conflito trabalho-não trabalho e os sucessos objetivo e subjetivo na carreira. O estudo foi quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de uma survey autoadministrada eletrônica, que teve como base a escala de conflito trabalho-não trabalho validada nos Estados Unidos. A amostra não probabilística e por conveniência foi formada por 338 profissionais que trabalham no Brasil atualmente. Fez-se uso de técnicas de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial confirmatória e análise de variância (teste t e ANOVA) na análise dos dados. Três resultados se destacam: 1) a amostra percebe conflito do trabalho com oito dimensões do não trabalho - saúde, família, gestão da casa, amizades, educação, relacionamento romântico, envolvimento com a comunidade e lazer - originado tanto pelo tempo que o trabalho consome como pela tensão gerada por ele; 2) o lazer mostra-se como dimensão-chave do não trabalho, pois alocar mais tempo a essa dimensão está associado a menor conflito entre trabalho e as oito dimensões do não trabalho; 3) para as mulheres, as diferenças em relação aos homens são maiores para a origem tensão e para dimensões mais coletivas, como família, envolvimento com a comunidade e amizades - elas estão mais tensas e sentem-se mais pressionadas a atender ao coletivo, possivelmente em detrimento de prioridades mais individuais. Destacam-se também, como variáveis relacionadas a maiores níveis de conflito, o sexo feminino, o estado civil casado somente para as mulheres, e a ausência de filhos também apenas para as mulheres. Como último destaque, há indícios de que a relação entre fatores do CTNT e o sucesso objetivo seja quadrática, a principal hipótese a ser verificada em estudos futuros. / The increasing of women in the marketplace, of couples in which they both work while maintaining a family life together and of new family arrangements have created a gap in the studies on the relations between work and nonwork, since these studies have been concentrated in the family as synonymous of nonwork for the last three decades. And these relations occur at a moment of prominence for the subjective dimension in Career Management: not only socially visible success (objective success) is desired by individuals, but especially the one that meets their most intrinsic desires (subjective success). In this context, this thesis has as general objective to investigate the work-nonwork conflict (WNWC) and its relation with the objective and subjective successes in the career. For achieving this objective, five others, specifics, were elaborated, addressing: a) the allocation of time in the dimensions of nonwork; b) the validation of the current multidimensional construct of work-nonwork conflict for a Brazilian sample; c) the dimensions most affected in the work-nonwork conflict; d) the variation of the stated time allocation, the levels of work-nonwork conflict and the objective and subjective successes in the career according to demographic characteristics; e) the association between the work-nonwork conflict and the objective and subjective successes in the career. The study was quantitative, descriptive and correlational, and the data collection was made through a self-administered electronic survey based on the work-nonwork conflict scale validated in the United States. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample consisted of 338 professionals working in Brazil nowadays. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factorial analysis and analysis of variance (t-test and ANOVA) were used for data analysis. Three results stand out: 1) the sample perceives conflict from work with eight nonwork dimensions - health, family, household management, friendships, education, romantic relationship, community involvement and leisure - originated by the time that work consumes and by the tension generated by work; 2) leisure is a key nonwork dimension, since allocating more time to this dimension is associated with less conflict between work and the eight nonwork dimensions; 3) for women, the differences (compared to men) are bigger for the tension origin and for more collective dimensions, such as family, community involvement and friendships - women are more tense and feel more pressure to attend to the collective, possibly to the detriment of more individual priorities. The variables related to higher levels of conflict include the female sex, marital status married only to women, and the absence of children also for women. As a last highlight, there are indications that the relationship between WNWC factors and the objective success is quadratic, which is the main hypothesis to be verified in future studies.

Career success has become one of the most central issues in the 21st century as the nature of careers has undergone major changes over the past two decades. The change in perception that has taken place in terms of the nature of work has led to increased uncertainty about career development as a construct and as a practice. Career success has therefore become not only of interest and concern for individuals, but also a priority to organisations as the realisation of employees’ personal goals and success can eventually contribute to the realisation of the organisation’s goals and successes. Therefore the general objective of this study was to explore the experience and conceptualisation of career success among South African executives. This study utilised a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach to investigate executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success. A non-probability purposive, voluntary sample of 24 participants was drawn from two seperate international financial organisations with offices located in Johannesburg. The data collection process was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the verbatim transcriptions that were captured from these interviews, were analysed using content analysis. The twelve main themes that were extracted from the interviews are set out as follow: general conceptualisation of career success; executives’ personal meaning associated with career success; transformation of perceptions; future goals of executives; factor’s influencing executives’ career success; personality attributes related to career success; contributing factors to the career success of executives; hindering factors in career success; potential for experiencing turnover intention; consequences of career success; role of the organisation; and prerequisites for career success. It is crucial that organisations be made more aware of the significance of executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success (as highlighted within this research).This is especially the case when considering future career and succession planning and mapping. Organisations should be familiar with the potential influencing and hindering factors (e.g. lack of opportunities, lack of support, organisational culture, etc.). They should be prepared to address the adverse impact that these factors could have as obstacles to employees and particularly for executives to attain career success. If these hindrances are not addressed it could lead to increased job dissatisfaction and consequently increased turnover intention. They should also be alert to the contributing factors and other factors conducive to career development (e.g. support and buy-in from organisation, or being given challenges and opportunities) that facilitate career success. By providing an environment that helps career development along, the experiece of career success is increased. This can lead to various positive outcomes, such as increased job performance, organisational commitment, employee engagement, career satisfaction and talent retention. Talent retention is particularly important as one can gather from the data collected among the executives. Thus, in order to retain them as valuable employees, it is crucial to address and fulfil their career needs accordingly. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Career success has become one of the most central issues in the 21st century as the nature of careers has undergone major changes over the past two decades. The change in perception that has taken place in terms of the nature of work has led to increased uncertainty about career development as a construct and as a practice. Career success has therefore become not only of interest and concern for individuals, but also a priority to organisations as the realisation of employees’ personal goals and success can eventually contribute to the realisation of the organisation’s goals and successes. Therefore the general objective of this study was to explore the experience and conceptualisation of career success among South African executives. This study utilised a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach to investigate executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success. A non-probability purposive, voluntary sample of 24 participants was drawn from two seperate international financial organisations with offices located in Johannesburg. The data collection process was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the verbatim transcriptions that were captured from these interviews, were analysed using content analysis. The twelve main themes that were extracted from the interviews are set out as follow: general conceptualisation of career success; executives’ personal meaning associated with career success; transformation of perceptions; future goals of executives; factor’s influencing executives’ career success; personality attributes related to career success; contributing factors to the career success of executives; hindering factors in career success; potential for experiencing turnover intention; consequences of career success; role of the organisation; and prerequisites for career success. It is crucial that organisations be made more aware of the significance of executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success (as highlighted within this research).This is especially the case when considering future career and succession planning and mapping. Organisations should be familiar with the potential influencing and hindering factors (e.g. lack of opportunities, lack of support, organisational culture, etc.). They should be prepared to address the adverse impact that these factors could have as obstacles to employees and particularly for executives to attain career success. If these hindrances are not addressed it could lead to increased job dissatisfaction and consequently increased turnover intention. They should also be alert to the contributing factors and other factors conducive to career development (e.g. support and buy-in from organisation, or being given challenges and opportunities) that facilitate career success. By providing an environment that helps career development along, the experiece of career success is increased. This can lead to various positive outcomes, such as increased job performance, organisational commitment, employee engagement, career satisfaction and talent retention. Talent retention is particularly important as one can gather from the data collected among the executives. Thus, in order to retain them as valuable employees, it is crucial to address and fulfil their career needs accordingly. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

O aumento do número de mulheres no mercado de trabalho, dos casais em que ambos trabalham enquanto mantêm uma vida familiar conjunta e dos novos arranjos familiares têm provocado uma lacuna nos estudos sobre as relações entre trabalho e não trabalho, já que esses estudos concentravam-se há três décadas na família como sinônimo de não trabalho. E essas relações ocorrem em um momento de destaque para a dimensão subjetiva na Gestão de Carreira: não apenas o sucesso socialmente visível (objetivo) é desejado pelos indivíduos, mas principalmente aquele que atende a seus desejos mais intrínsecos (subjetivo). Nesse contexto, esta tese tem como objetivo geral investigar o conflito trabalho-não trabalho (CTNT) e sua relação com os sucessos objetivo e subjetivo na carreira. Para atender a esse objetivo, cinco outros, específicos, foram elaborados, versando sobre: a) a alocação de tempo nas dimensões do não trabalho; b) a validação do construto multidimensional atual de conflito trabalho-não trabalho para uma amostra brasileira; c) as dimensões mais afetadas no conflito trabalho-não trabalho; d) a variação da alocação de tempo declarada, dos níveis de conflito trabalho-não trabalho e dos sucessos objetivo e subjetivo na carreira de acordo com características demográficas; e) a associação entre o conflito trabalho-não trabalho e os sucessos objetivo e subjetivo na carreira. O estudo foi quantitativo, descritivo e correlacional, e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de uma survey autoadministrada eletrônica, que teve como base a escala de conflito trabalho-não trabalho validada nos Estados Unidos. A amostra não probabilística e por conveniência foi formada por 338 profissionais que trabalham no Brasil atualmente. Fez-se uso de técnicas de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial confirmatória e análise de variância (teste t e ANOVA) na análise dos dados. Três resultados se destacam: 1) a amostra percebe conflito do trabalho com oito dimensões do não trabalho - saúde, família, gestão da casa, amizades, educação, relacionamento romântico, envolvimento com a comunidade e lazer - originado tanto pelo tempo que o trabalho consome como pela tensão gerada por ele; 2) o lazer mostra-se como dimensão-chave do não trabalho, pois alocar mais tempo a essa dimensão está associado a menor conflito entre trabalho e as oito dimensões do não trabalho; 3) para as mulheres, as diferenças em relação aos homens são maiores para a origem tensão e para dimensões mais coletivas, como família, envolvimento com a comunidade e amizades - elas estão mais tensas e sentem-se mais pressionadas a atender ao coletivo, possivelmente em detrimento de prioridades mais individuais. Destacam-se também, como variáveis relacionadas a maiores níveis de conflito, o sexo feminino, o estado civil casado somente para as mulheres, e a ausência de filhos também apenas para as mulheres. Como último destaque, há indícios de que a relação entre fatores do CTNT e o sucesso objetivo seja quadrática, a principal hipótese a ser verificada em estudos futuros. / The increasing of women in the marketplace, of couples in which they both work while maintaining a family life together and of new family arrangements have created a gap in the studies on the relations between work and nonwork, since these studies have been concentrated in the family as synonymous of nonwork for the last three decades. And these relations occur at a moment of prominence for the subjective dimension in Career Management: not only socially visible success (objective success) is desired by individuals, but especially the one that meets their most intrinsic desires (subjective success). In this context, this thesis has as general objective to investigate the work-nonwork conflict (WNWC) and its relation with the objective and subjective successes in the career. For achieving this objective, five others, specifics, were elaborated, addressing: a) the allocation of time in the dimensions of nonwork; b) the validation of the current multidimensional construct of work-nonwork conflict for a Brazilian sample; c) the dimensions most affected in the work-nonwork conflict; d) the variation of the stated time allocation, the levels of work-nonwork conflict and the objective and subjective successes in the career according to demographic characteristics; e) the association between the work-nonwork conflict and the objective and subjective successes in the career. The study was quantitative, descriptive and correlational, and the data collection was made through a self-administered electronic survey based on the work-nonwork conflict scale validated in the United States. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample consisted of 338 professionals working in Brazil nowadays. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factorial analysis and analysis of variance (t-test and ANOVA) were used for data analysis. Three results stand out: 1) the sample perceives conflict from work with eight nonwork dimensions - health, family, household management, friendships, education, romantic relationship, community involvement and leisure - originated by the time that work consumes and by the tension generated by work; 2) leisure is a key nonwork dimension, since allocating more time to this dimension is associated with less conflict between work and the eight nonwork dimensions; 3) for women, the differences (compared to men) are bigger for the tension origin and for more collective dimensions, such as family, community involvement and friendships - women are more tense and feel more pressure to attend to the collective, possibly to the detriment of more individual priorities. The variables related to higher levels of conflict include the female sex, marital status married only to women, and the absence of children also for women. As a last highlight, there are indications that the relationship between WNWC factors and the objective success is quadratic, which is the main hypothesis to be verified in future studies.