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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Implications of Multiple Curve Construction in the Swedish Swap Market / Implikationer från Skapande av Multipla Kurvor på den Svenska Swapmarknaden

Lidholm, Erik, Nudel, Benjamin January 2014 (has links)
The global financial crisis of 2007 caused abrupt changes in the financial markets. Interest rates that were known to follow each other diverged. Furthermore, both regulation and an increased awareness of counterparty credit risks have fuelled a growth of collateralised contracts. As a consequence, pre-crisis swap pricing methods are no longer valid. In light of this, the purpose of this thesis is to apply a framework to the Swedish swap market that is able to consistently price interest rate and cross currency swaps in the presence of non-negligible cross currency basis spreads, and to investigate the pricing differences arising from the use and type of collat- eral. Through the implementation of a framework proposed by Fujii, Shimada and Takahashi (2010b), it is shown that the usage of collateral has a noticeable impact on the pricing. Ten year forward starting swaps are found to be priced at lower rates under collateral. Moreover, the results from pricing off-market swaps show that disregarding the impact of collateral would cause one to consistently underestimate the change in value of a contract, whether in or out of the money. The choice of collateral currency is also shown to matter, as pricing under SEK and USD as the collateral currencies yielded different results, in terms of constructed curves as well as in the pricing of spot starting, forward starting and off-market swaps. Based on the results from the pricing of off-market swaps, two scenarios are outlined that exemplify the importance of correct pricing methods when terminating and novating swaps. It is concluded that a market participant who fails to recognise the pricing implications from the usage and type of collateral could incur substantial losses. / Finanskrisens utbrott år 2007 orsakade abrupta förändringar i finansmarknaden. Räntor som tidigare följt varandra divergerade. Vidare gav både reglering av finansmarknaden och en ökad medvetenhet om motparters kreditrisk upphov till en tillväxt av kontrakt med ställda säkerheter. Följaktligen är det inte längre korrekt att prissätta swappar enligt metoder från tiden före finanskrisen. Mot bakgrund av detta är syftet med denna uppsats att applicera ett ramverk på den svenska swapmarknaden som på ett konsekvent sätt kan prissätta ränte- och valutaswappar med icke negligerbara räntespreadar, samt att undersöka prisskillnaderna som uppstår från användandet och typen av ställda säkerheter. Genom implementering av ett ramverk av Fujii, Shimada och Takahashi (2010b) visar denna studie att användandet av ställda säkerheter har en noterbar påverkan på prissättningen. Swappar med tio års löptider och framtida startdatum prissattes lägre när ställda säkerheter inkluderades i prissättningen. Vidare visar resultaten från prissättningen av off-market swappar att genom att bortse från effekten av ställda säkerheter så undervärderas ett kontrakts värdeförändring genomgående, oavsett om kontraktet är in the money eller out of the money. Valet av valuta på de ställda säkerheterna visade sig också spela roll, då prissättningen med SEK och USD som säkerhetsvalutor gav olika resultat i termer av konstruerade kurvor och i prissättning av spot-startande, framtida startande och off-market swappar. Baserat på resultaten ovan genererades två scenarion som påvisade vikten av en korrekt prissättningsmetod vid byte av motpart eller stängning av en swap. Härifrån dras slutsatsen att en marknadsaktör som inte inser vilken påverkan valet av ställda säkerheter har på prissättningen kan drabbas av betydande förluster.
2

Apport de la théorie des options à la valorisation du stock d'invendus / Contribution of option pricing theory to stock of unsold goods valuation

Irzil, Hayet 26 January 2015 (has links)
L'émergence d'invendus constitue un phénomène de première importance. En effet, il n'y a pas d'entreprise sans invendus. C'est pourquoi les entreprises souhaitent éliminer les invendus en fin de période de vente. Dans ce cadre une nouvelle problématique émerge : comment valoriser un stock d'invendus et optimiser son déstockage ? C'est l'objet du travail doctoral que de répondre à cette question fondamentale du point de vue de la science économique. Pour cela, il faut tout d'abord déterminer à quel prix une firme peut-elle déstocker ses invendus et ensuite dé-terminer quand doit-elle avoir recours au marché du déstockage ou aux soldes directes ? Cette thèse consacre une première partie à un survol de la littérature,à la fois en management et marketing, mais surtout en sciences économiques. La seconde partie propose un modèle original de valorisation des invendus qui adapte en microéconomie les méthodes de couvertures utilisées en finance, notamment les options, dans le cas où la demande est incertaine. Il est montré d'un point de vue théorique qu'il est possible de proposer une couverture contre le risque d'invendus.D'une part la théorie est adaptée au cas de l'approvisionnement, et d'autre part au cas des invendus. Des simulations chiffrées illustrent comment fonctionne concrètement cette méthode dans chacun des cas. La troisième partie est plus générale et développe deux modèles originaux inter-temporels dans le cadre d'un marché monopolistique. Il y a deux types de consommateurs, ceux qui sont sensibles à l'étalage des biens, et ceux qui sont insensibles à cet étalage. Les consommateurs sensibles à l'étalage, choisissent la part qu'ils achètent de cet étalage, cependant que le monopole choisit à la fois le prix et l'étalage. Que la demande soit certaine ou incertaine, il émerge toujours un stock d'invendus. Le monopole peut le revendre, soit directement aux consommateurs insensibles à l'étalage, soit à une firme de déstockage. L'endogénéité du marché du déstockage est alors étudiée. / Since there is not a firm without a stock of unsold goods, the study of this phenomenon is an issue of great importance. Indeed, firms face the stock of unsold goods that they want to clear at the end of the market period. The latter has an impact on not only on the firm's production process, but also on the economy growth. In this context, how to value the stock of unsold goods and when should the firm clears it ? This doctoral work aims to answer to this fundamental question from the standpoint of economics. For this purpose, we must first determineat which price a firm can clear its stock of unsold goods and then determine when it should have recourse to selling-off market or clearance sales ? The first part of this thesis is dedicated to a review of the literature, both related to management and marketing science, but also to economics. The second part focuses on an original model of unsold goods' stock valuation which is adapted to the microeconomic hedging methods used in finance (including options where the demand is uncertain). Results show that it is possible to provide a hedge against the risk of a stockof unsold goods. On the one hand, the theory is adapted to the case of supply and on the other hand, it fits the case of a stock of unsold goods. From the theoretical point of view, the results of numerical simulations illustrate the way this method works in practice for different cases. The third part is more general since it introduces two intertemporal original models under the monopolistic market structure.There are two types of consumers, depending on the degree of their sensitiveness to the display of goods (those who are sensitive versus those who are not). Consumers who are relatively strongly sensitive to the display of goods choose to buy apart from it. Furthermore, the monopoly chooses both the price and the quantityof displayed goods in order to maximize its profit. Under certain or uncertain demand,it always emerges a stock of unsold goods. The monopoly can sell the stockof unsold goods, either directly to consumers who are insensitive to the display ofgoods, or to the selling-off firm. Endogenous selling-off market is then studied.

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