published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

The problem of the dynamics of a flexible offshore structure in either a regular or random sea is considered in this thesis. A simple single degree of freedom model of the structure is assumed and the relative velocity formulation of the Morison equation is used to describe the fluid force. The resulting equation of motion is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation with either harmonic or stochastic forcing depending on the wave description. Solutions are obtained for regular deterministic waves by numerical integration, various linearization methods and a new perturbation method developed in this thesis. The numerical solution is used to assess the accuracy of each of the approximate solution methods. Of these, the perturbation method is found to give the best approximation to the numerical solution over the complete frequency range of interest. For random seas the response spectrum and the mean square response are obtained by various linearization methods, the method of equivalent linearization, and by the new perturbation method. The perturbation method and the method of equivalent linearization are very similar in that they both yield the same values of effective damping. Comparison of the results obtained by a numerical simulation method with the results of the perturbation method and the widely used method of equivalent linearization shows that the perturbation method gives a better estimate of the response mean square value than does the method of equivalent linearization. For all of the approximate solution methods that are discussed it was found that the use of Hermite polynomials to represent the solution is very effective in obtaining various expected values required in the computational procedure. In addition to the average response statistics, such as the response mean square value, the probability density of the response is also considered. It is well known that the response of a linear system to Gaussian forcing is itself Gaussian. The wave force given by the Morison equation is non-Gaussian and therefore the response is also non-Gaussian but of unknown form. The hypothesis that for a linear equation, the probability density of the response is of the same form as the probability density of forcing, even for the case of non-Gaussian forcing, is investigated and verified using the results of numerical simulations. Design considerations of interest which follow from the response probability density are also discussed. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The objective of the work described in this thesis is to evaluate the significance of the ambient fluid on the motion of an ice mass in the vicinity of an offshore structure and during the subsequent impact mechanism. Models for iceberg drift are first reviewed. The changes in flow field around an ice mass drifting in a current near an offshore structure are investigated by potential flow theory. The proximity effects and current interactions are generalized by introducing the added mass and convective force coefficients for the ice mass. A two-dimensional numerical model based on the boundary element method is developed to calculate these coefficients over a range of separation distances up to the point of contact. A numerical model based on ice properties and geometry is developed to simulate the impact force acting on the structure. Both the 'contact-point' added masses estimated in this thesis and the traditionally assumed far-field added masses are used in the impact model separately. The results from the two cases are compared and the crucial roles played by the ambient fluid during impact are discussed. Finally, a number of related topics is proposed for further studies. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to examine the oscillatory forces" and the wave runup on a vertical, circular, surface piercing, rigid cylinder in the presence of both waves and a colinear current. It was found that a current which ran opposite to the direction of wave propagation reduced the oscillatory force and the runup on the cylinder. The results for a current running in the same direction as the waves were more scattered, with some cases indicating an increase in force while others a decrease. The runup, however, increased in all cases. An innovative numerical technique which is currently under development was applied to this problem. The loads on the cylinder were obtained by a time stepping procedure in which the flow at each time step was calculated by an integral equation method based on Green's theorem. The general results of the numerical method agreed quite well with the experimental observations, within the constraints of some simplifying assumptions. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

The effects of wave directionality on the loads and motions of long structures is investigated in this thesis. A numerical method based on Green's theorem is developed to compute the exciting forces and hydrodynamic coefficients due to the interaction of a regular oblique wave train with an infinitely long, semi-immersed floating cylinder of arbitrary shape. Comparisons are made with previous results obtained using other solution techniques. The results obtained from the solution of the oblique wave diffraction problem are used to determine the transfer functions and response amplitude operators for a structure of finite length and hence the loads and amplitudes of motion of the structure in short-crested seas. The wave loads and body motions in short-crested seas are compared to corresponding results for long-crested seas. This is expressed as a directionally averaged, frequency dependent reduction factor for the wave loads and a response ratio for the body motions. Numerical results are presented for the force reduction factor and response ratio of a long floating box subject to a directional wave spectrum with a cosine power type energy spreading function. Applications of the results of the present procedure include such long structures as floating bridges and breakwaters. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Graduation date: 1999

With most of the world's untouched oil and gas resources offshore and the possibility that hurricanes are becoming more frequent and more intense, the risks associated with offshore oil and gas production are increasing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve current understanding of extreme ocean waves and their interaction with structures. This thesis is concerned with the modelling of extreme ocean waves and their diffraction by offshore structures, with the ultimate aim of proposing improved tools for guiding airgap design. The feasibility of using linear and second order diffraction solutions with a suitable incident wave field to predict extreme green water levels beneath multi-column structures is investigated. Such tools, when fully validated, could replace the need to carry out model tests during preliminary design. When contemplating airgap design it is crucially important that consideration is given to the largest waves in a sea state, the so-called freak or rogue waves. This thesis studies the nature of one specific freak wave for which field data is available, namely the Draupner New Year wave. Unique features of this wave are identified, distinguishing it from a typical large wave, and an estimate of the probability of occurrence of the wave is given. Furthermore, a design wave, called NewWave, is proposed as a good model for large ocean waves and is validated against field and experimental data. The diffraction of regular waves and NewWaves by a number of structural configurations is studied. In order to assess the validity of using diffraction solutions for the purposes of airgap design, comparisons are made with measured wave data from a programme of wave tank experiments. Wave data for a real platform configuration are examined to highlight the key issues complicating the validation of diffraction based design tools for real structures. The ability of diffraction theory to reproduce real wave measurements is discussed. The phenomenon of near-trapping is also investigated, allowing guidelines for airgap design to be established.

Complex oscillations including chaotic motions have been identified in off-shore and submerged mooring systems characterized by nonlinear fluid-structure interactions and restoring forces. In this paper, a means of controlling these nonlinear oscillations is addressed. When applied, the controller is able to drive the system to periodic oscillations of arbitrary periodicity. The controller applies a perturbation to the nonlinear system at prescribed time intervals to guide a trajectory towards a stable, periodic oscillatory state. The controller utilizes the pole placement method, a state feedback rule designed to render the system asymptotically stable. An outline of the proposed method is presented and applied to the fluid-structure interaction system and several examples of the controlled system are given. The effects of random noise in the excitation force are also investigated and the subsequent influence on the controller identified. A means of extending the controller design is explored to provide adequate control in the presence of moderate noise levels. Meanwhile, in the presence of over powering noise or system measurements that are not well defined, certain filtering and estimation techniques are investigated for their applicability. In particular, the Iterated Kalman Filter is investigated as a nonlinear state estimator of the nonlinear oscillations in these off-shore compliant structures. It is seen that although the inclusion of the nonlinearities is theoretically problematic, in practice, by applying the estimator in a judicious manner and then implementing the linear controllers outlined above, the system is able to estimate and control the nonlinear systems over a wide area of pseudo-stochastic regimes. / Graduation date: 2006

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_MarcusViniciusFranchidos_M.pdf: 2250280 bytes, checksum: 714679541259e76068e17573b7fb74b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Vibrações Induzidas por Vórtices em dutos com vãos livres sujeitos a corrente marítima é um problema presente na indústria offshore. Embora significativos esforços tenham sido feitos para entender este complicado problema de interação fluido estrutura, a modelagem numérica para cálculo é ainda um grande desafio. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal caracterizar o comportamento dinâmico dos dutos em vãos livres sob os efeitos do fenômeno da vibração induzida por vórtices (VIV). A disponibilidade de diversos programas de cálculo de VIV para estruturas offshore esbeltas facilita a avaliação da vida útil dessas estruturas e reduz o custo de projetos. No entanto, um bom domínio das metodologias adotadas por programas utilizados na indústria e a consciência das limitações correspondentes a diferentes técnicas são fundamentais para que o analista faça uso adequado dessas ferramentas computacionais. Neste sentido, este trabalho faz uma revisão dos diferentes modelos para estimar as forças de VIV devidas à corrente marinha. Para isto, diferentes programas de computador foram utilizados para calcular as vibrações na direção transversal de incidência de corrente, provocadas pelo desprendimento de vórtices em um duto com vão livre. As simulações do comportamento dinâmico da parcela em vão livre do duto foram realizadas utilizando três abordagens, respectivamente: modelos hidrodinâmicos de força de VIV semi-empíricos, no domínio da frequência; modelos hidrodinâmicos de força de VIV semi-empíricos, baseados nos coeficientes de sustentação e número de Strouhal, no domínio do tempo e um modelo hidrodinâmico de wakeoscillator, no domínio do tempo. Os resultados das simulações são analisados através de comparações com dados experimentais. Além disso, as limitações da cada modelo são discutidas / Abstract: Vortex induced vibration (VIV) of free span pipeline subjecting to ocean current is a present problem in the offshore industry. Although significant efforts have done to understand this complicated fluid structure interaction problem, the numerical modeling and predicting is still a big challenge. The primary objective of this work is to characterize the dynamic behavior of pipelines with free span under the effects of the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) phenomenon. Different models to estimate VIV forces due to sea current are discussed. For this purpose, different computer programs were used to predict vibrations in the transverse direction of the current incidence direction, caused by the vortex shedding in a free span of the pipeline. Simulations of the dynamic behavior of a free span portion of the pipeline were carried out by two approaches, respectively: semi-empirical hydrodynamic VIV force model, in frequency domain and, semi-empirical VIV force model based on the lift coefficient and Strouhal number, in time domain and a wake oscillator in time domain. Simulations results are analyzed through comparisons with experimental data and also limitations of the each model are discussed / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo