A presentation on the traditional resource use by Ojibway in the Western Great Lakes region. The complete report, which can be found in this collection, is titled 'Traditional Ojibway Resources In The Western Great Lakes.'

Many important developments have followed from the distinction being made between post-colonial and settler-colonial situations. This distinction has had implications that reach across disciplines, but have especially impacted the immerging field of Indigenous studies in Canada, which had previously been drawing, and to a certain extent continue to draw, on theories from post-colonial studies. I write this at the intersection of Indigenous studies and English literature building on the theories of decolonization in settler-colonial situations. I show that English poetry written by people in the Indigenous prairie context is one particularly active site of decolonization, in the sense that scholars such as Linda Tuhiwai Smith explain. Through the poetry of Louise Halfe, Duncan Mercredi, Gregory Scofield, Marie Annharte (Née Baker) I show how important elements of Indigenous culture are being translated into printed poetry. Furthermore, these poets are Indigenizing aspects of settler-colonial culture. I use Halfe’s poetry, especially her collection Bear Bones & Feathers, to show the ways in which Indigenous concepts of medicine can be translated into printed poetic form and bring healing for the injuries inflicted by colonialism. Scholars Jo-Ann Episkenew and Sam McKegney provide other examples of this practice and the theoretical underpinnings for literature operating as medicine. Mercredi’s poetry reveals that some of the oral character of Indigenous stories can be translated into poetry. Indigenous scholars such as Neal McLeod argue that Indigenous cultures have long engaged in the use of wit and metaphor that is so prolific in poetry. Scofield translates ceremony into poetry. Drawing in part on J.L. Austin’s notion of performativity, I show that Indigenous poetry is an active force within communities. I read Annharte’s poetry as an example of Indigenization and activism in which she destabilizes the authority of the English language. Francis challenges artistic genres to assert his own Indigenous perspective in much the same way many Indigenous people are choosing not to seek the recognition of the neo-liberal state in what Glenn Coulthard calls “the politics of recognition.” I explore the significant potential for decolonization in this writing by authors writing from Indigenous perspectives. / October 2016

Durant la dernière déglaciation de l'Amérique du Nord, la production d'eau de fonte associée au recul progressif de l'inlandsis Laurentidien vers le nord a entrainé la formation du Lac glaciaire Barlow-Ojibway en marge du glacier. Cette vaste étendue lacustre réfère au plan d'eau qui a simultanément recouvert les territoires nouvellement déglacés du Témiscamingue et de l'Abitibi et dont l'évolution était fonction du relèvement isostatique différentiel. Le Lac Ojibway a connu au moins trois importantes phases principales : la phase Angliers à 260 m et deux autres phases à 275 et 300 m associées à l'exutoire Kinojévis. Bien que les phases de haut niveau du Lac Ojibway soient relativement bien définies, les phases tardives, c'est-à-dire celles associées aux derniers moments de son existence sont toujours mal connues. Des études récentes suggèrent l'occurrence d'épisodes de drainage mineur précédent la vidange finale du Lac Agassiz-Ojibway. De tels événements (abaissement du plan d'eau) devraient normalement laisser des empreintes sur la géomorphologie du territoire, ainsi que des traces dans les enregistrements sédimentaires du bassin Ojibway. Cette étude porte sur l'analyse de formes d'érosion lacustre et de rythmites Ojibway du nord-ouest de l'Abitibi afin de définir et de mieux comprendre les phases de bas niveau du Lac Ojibway dans le contexte général de la déglaciation régionale. L'étude de la géomorphologie ainsi que de la stratigraphie de la région du Lac Abitibi et de La Sarre en Abitibi a démontré que le Lac Ojibway a expérimenté plusieurs changements de configuration vers la fin de son existence. Ces évènements tardifs sont exprimés, notamment, par la présence de terrasses d'érosion lacustre incisées dans la plaine d'argile. Les mesures d'élévation effectuées sur les différents étalements de gradin d'érosion lacustre anciens indiquent l'occurrence d'au moins trois phases de bas niveau. Un quatrième niveau restreint au territoire ceinturant le Lac Abitibi et présentant les élévations les plus basses, semble témoigner d'une phase pré Lac Abitibi. En plus de ces éléments géomorphologiques, les séquences sédimentaires du territoire d'étude renferment également des informations pertinentes à l'histoire tardive du Lac Ojibway. Cet aspect est représenté par la présence d'une varve de drainage comprise entre des sédiments glaciolacustres rythmés. Des ostracodes extraient de cette bande de drainage ont donnés des âges radiocarbones qui sont vraisemblablement affectés par la présence de « vieux » carbone dissous dans les eaux du lac, ce qui cause un vieillissement apparent des âges. Une étude de comparaison d'âges 14C provenant de sédiments glaciolacustres et glaciomarins ceinturant une unité de vidange du Lac Ojibway à la baie James semble donner un ordre de grandeur de 5000 ans pour ce vieillissement. Cette approche donne des âges 14C variant entre 7679 et 7696 années calendaires BP. L'étude approfondie de cette séquence sédimentaire, ainsi que les éléments morphologiques de bas niveau lacustre aura permis de mieux comprendre les évènements qui ont précédé et entourent le drainage final du Lac Ojibway. Ces travaux amènent d'une part de nouvelles données, mais fournissent aussi de nouvelles approches méthodologiques quant à l'étude de l'histoire du Lac Ojibway. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Lac Ojibway, Agassiz-Ojibway, vidange, quaternaire, Abitibi, varve de drainage, datation radiocarbone, ostracode, séquence stratigraphique, paléo-lac Abitibi, terrasse d'érosion lacustre, isotope de l'oxygène.

The purpose of this research was to understand an indigenous perspective on the development and commercialization of non-timber forest products, such as medicines and foods, in Pikangikum First Nation, Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Framed by a research agreement between Pikangikum First Nation and the University of Manitoba, this collaborative research was based on participant observation, field trips, semi-structured interviews, and community workshops. The appropriate development and commercialization of Anishinaabe mushkeekeeh (medicine) and meecheem (food) requires the guidance of community Elders, Anishinaabe knowledge, and traditional teachings. The community is cautiously interested in developing collaborative, diligent, and culturally respectful partnerships that interface knowledge systems. Benefit sharing means the joint ownership of intellectual property and financial benefits, developing employment and capacity-building opportunities for community members, and planning products for community use. This thesis offers a community perspective on how NTFPs might be researched, developed and commercialized in joint and mutually beneficial partnerships with a First Nation.

The purpose of this research was to understand an indigenous perspective on the development and commercialization of non-timber forest products, such as medicines and foods, in Pikangikum First Nation, Northwestern Ontario, Canada. Framed by a research agreement between Pikangikum First Nation and the University of Manitoba, this collaborative research was based on participant observation, field trips, semi-structured interviews, and community workshops. The appropriate development and commercialization of Anishinaabe mushkeekeeh (medicine) and meecheem (food) requires the guidance of community Elders, Anishinaabe knowledge, and traditional teachings. The community is cautiously interested in developing collaborative, diligent, and culturally respectful partnerships that interface knowledge systems. Benefit sharing means the joint ownership of intellectual property and financial benefits, developing employment and capacity-building opportunities for community members, and planning products for community use. This thesis offers a community perspective on how NTFPs might be researched, developed and commercialized in joint and mutually beneficial partnerships with a First Nation.

No description available.

No description available.

Ce mémoire explore la dépossession territoriale des Ojibweg au profit du gouvernement canadien dans toutes ces dimensions — qu’elles soient économiques, politiques, mais particulièrement culturelles. C’est l’analyse fortement inspirée de la géographie culturelle, trop peu considérée dans le récit traditionnel du colonialisme de peuplement, qui représente le principal thème de ce travail. Le cas exemple retenu est celui des Ojibweg de la Garden River First Nation, entre 1815 et 1860. Par la figure du chef Shingwaukonse, cette communauté entretenait une diplomatie très active avec la Couronne britannique, par l’entremise des représentants de ces colonies canadiennes. Ces traces permettent de voir l’étendue de la dépossession totale que nécessite le colonialisme de peuplement. Afin d’y arriver, il faut d’abord refaire un récit de la région du Sault-Sainte-Marie dans sa dimension transfrontalière, pour dégager les dynamiques coloniales multiples que subissaient les Ojibweg de la région. Ce narratif commence sur une échelle régionale vaste propre à l’Empire britannique, avant de s’arrêter sur la vision identitaire de ce groupe, nouvellement dépossédé. / This thesis explores the territorial dispossession of the Ojibway people by the Canadian government in all its dimensions – be it economical, political but especially cultural. The analysis, greatly indebted to cultural geography, aspect too often poorly considered in the traditional narratives of settler colonialism, is the principal theme of this work. The type case is the Ojibway of the Garden River First Nation, between 1815 and 1860. By the figure of Shingwaukonse, this community held a very active diplomatic activity with the British crown, by the contact with representatives of its Canadian colonies. The trail it left allows us to see the total dispossession that necessitates settler colonialism. To successfully tackle this project, it is imperative to reframe the narrative of the Sault-Sainte-Marie region in all of it cross-border character, to address the multiple colonial dynamics felt by regional Anishinaabeg. This narrative starts on a vast geographical scale associated with the British Empire, before stopping on the specific ways this group lived their identities when faced with these new dispossessions.

No description available.

This was an applied ethnographic study of natural and cultural resources of contemporary significance for American Ojibway' tribes and Canadian Ojibway First Nations that are or were once present within or in the immediate vicinity of four National Park Service (NPS) units in the Midwest Region: Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE), Michigan; Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (PIRO), Michigan; Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS), Wisconsin; and Voyageurs National Park (VOYA), Minnesota. The main objective of this study, according to the Scope of Work (SOW) of 1996, was to develop a documented basis of knowledge regarding historic and current use of resources by culturally affiliated Native American tribes that should help park managers anticipate Native American resource use issues that may confront them in the future and thus be better prepared to deal with them in an informed and culturally sensitive manner. The study also was to provide recommendations regarding preservation, monitoring, mitigation, interpretation, and use access issues. The research was designed to provide a historical and ethnographic overview and assessment of Native American, Southwestern Ojibway in particular, land and resource use as it pertains to the region where the parks are located, and to each park unit. This study also provided an inventory of ethnographic resources known to have been significant for culturally affiliated Southwestern Ojibway tribes at different points in time.