Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Eastern Illinois University, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Committee on Human Development, August 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Antioch University New England, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 19, 2009). "A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies at Antioch University New England 2009"--The title page. Advisor: K. Heidi Watts, Ph. D. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-160).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 153 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-115). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (D.Clin.Psych.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Homelessness is one of the most complex social issues today and has become a significant and growing problem. The homeless population is a heterogeneous group with women and families among the fastest growing segment. The paucity of research specifically focusing on older homeless women does little to answer the question regarding causes of homelessness in this population. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the older homeless woman's perspective of antecedents to homelessness and answer the research questions: 1) what was your life like before you became homeless and 2) what do you believe the cause of homelessness was for you? This study, guided by a feminist perspective, was conducted to explore and capture the complexities of the experience for older women. Data analysis, using qualitative content analysis techniques, identified three themes which described antecedents to homelessness. The themes were Personal Accountability, Difficult Life Circumstances and Lack of Support Networks. All themes were interrelated and offered a perspective regarding the steady progression into homelessness for older women. Themes Difficult Life Circumstances and Lack of Social Networks reflected previously documented findings, however, the theme Personal Accountability revealed antecedents not expressed before in the literature. This studies significance will be its contribution to the body of nursing knowledge through exploration and description of information regarding antecedents to homelessness and lays the groundwork for the design of appropriate interventions and future research.

Older adults are more vulnerable to the ill effects of life stress due to physiological changes associated with aging that result in decreased immunocompetence. Stressors interacting with an aging immune system may produce further declines in health. Variables shown to modulate the effect of stressors on neuroendocrine and immune function and health include social support, personality, coping style, and health locus of control. A comprehensive model is proposed that includes: life stressors, social resources, psychological resources, interaction between stressors and social resources, neuroendocrine and immune function, and symptomatology. This model was evaluated using structured equation modeling. Participants were 97 active, community dwelling, older women, ranging in age from 60 to 93 years.

This thesis investigated the effect of exercise and the exercise setting on self-concept in the context of older women. Very little research in this area has focused on older women. At the same time it attempted to identify possible mechanisms underpinning exercise-induced change in self-concept, including the effect of the group and change in real and perceived body condition and real and perceived fitness. Adherence issues and the hierarchical structure of self-concept were examined in an exploratory manner. An extensive literature review was undertaken. It concluded with a preliminary exercise-self-concept model which would be used to explain and evaluate the thesis??? hypotheses. Two studies were undertaken. Study 1 validated the English version of the Self-perception in Exercise Questionnaire (SPEQ) (Sorensen, 1999) and examined relationships between exercise status, age, body size, and physical self-perceptions in a sample of older Australian women. The SPEQ was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to be used in Study 2 to measure self-perceptions relevant to exercise in older Australian women. Study 2, a randomised controlled trial, examined the effect of exercise and the exercise setting on older women???s self-concept. It comprises the main body of work for this thesis. It compared a group of older women exercising together in a group to a similar group of women who performed exactly the same exercise alone. Then both groups were compared to a similarly motivated group of women who did not exercise, but were waiting to start an exercise program. Using a pre-posttest design it measured exercise-induced change in self-concept, selfperceptions, satisfaction, and 13 physiological measures. Following a 12-week exercise treatment, the older women who walked regularly either alone or in a group thrice weekly experienced significantly improved total, physical, and social self-concept, more positive perceptions of their body and fitness, increased satisfaction with self and with life in general, and improved aerobic fitness compared to controls. When the three experimental conditions were compared, however, these outcomes were significant only for group exercise compared to controls; not for alone exercise compared to controls. Of greater importance, when the two exercise settings, walk alone and walk in a group, were compared, the women who walked in a group experienced significantly improved physical self-concept, satisfaction with life, and more positive perceptions of their body and fitness compared to the women who walked alone. Unexpectedly, aerobic fitness also increased significantly for the women who walked in a group relative to controls, but not for the alone walk condition. Taken together these findings suggest group exercise offers considerable psychological and aerobic fitness benefits to older women. These are valuable and unique findings. They are reinforced by the high adherence (91%) and participation rates (95%) achieved in the walk trial. Partial support was found for the proposed exercise-self-concept model and the hierarchical structure of self-concept was demonstrated. Perceived change accounted for more of the variance in self-concept than real body and fitness change. Effect sizes were larger for certain physical self-perceptions than for global self-concept. In conclusion, this thesis has extended current knowledge of exercise effects on selfconcept to older women, added a systematic exercise-self-concept review, added a useful instrument for measuring older women???s self-perceptions in exercise in future studies, and added to current knowledge of mechanisms underpinning improved self-concept following exercise. Exercise, moderate-intensity walking, was found to positively and significantly affect older women???s self-concept. The exercise setting differentially affected older women???s selfconcept; effects were significantly greater when the exercise was performed in a group with similar others. The group exercise setting and its effect on self-perceptions is suggested as a possible mechanism underpinning the positive exercise-self-concept association.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of older working nurses and the reason they were still in the workforce while the majority of their cohort had exited from active nursing. New Zealand's legislative changes in the Human Rights Act, 1993 and the Employment Relations Act, 2000 makes it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of age. In effect, this means the abolishment of mandatory retirement as the individual is now able to exit from the workforce by choice. For nurses the choice for exiting the workforce occurs noticeably in the 50-54 age group with further declines in subsequent years. This research study revealed a group of older nurses who valued autonomy in their nursing practice and valued the contribution they made as experienced practitioners in a variety of health sectors in the Waikato. As the demographic shift in New Zealand's population is towards older age groups and likely to require future nursing care, it becomes essential to retain experienced nurses in the workforce. This small scale qualitative study interviewed ten registered nurses over the age of 60 to discover how social life was constructed as they aged.