The aim of this thesis was to find the current occurrence of resistant sub-population of pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus Fabricius, 1775) to the selected species active ingredients and the preparation. Adults of pollen beetles were collected from commonly used fields of oilseed rape plants at the time of the first process of flowering until the end of the entire flowering process. The sample collection was carried out during years 2012 and 2013 in twenty locations in the Czech Republic. The Levels of resistance were assessed in a laboratory test called Adult-vial- Test according to official methods used by the International Resistance Action Committee (IRAC). The first part of this thesis describes the biology of pollen beetles. It also describes other pests found on the oilseed rape plant. It further explains the basic concepts and summarizes the occurrence of resistant sub-populations of Pollen beetle in the Czech Republic and other European countries. The second part of this thesis constitutes the practical aspect of the research where there is testing of the resistance of sub-populations of pollen beetles on used active ingredients and the preparation of Biscaya 240 OD.

The literary part of the thesis describes biology, economic importance and methods of chemical protection against pollen beetle, cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle. The resistance of these pests against zoocides in the Czech republic and in some parts of neighbour European countries is decribed and principles of antiresistance strategies are outlined. Each group of insecticides is describd and their active components are rated in the practical part of the thesis. Findings about pest resistance are summarized - resistance types and mechanisms in particular. Then monitoring of resistent populations of plant pests are described. New findings concerning the resistance of three oilseed rape pests were acquired using biological methods. For cabage seed weevil six areas were evaluated, for pollen beetle seven and for cabbage stem flea beetle two areas were evaluated. All the evaluated areas are in the Czech republic. The adult-vial test number 11, nr. 25, nr. 27 accordinng to IRAC methodology and topical aplication test were used to rate the resistance. The efficiency of five pyrethroids (deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin), one organophosphate (chlorpyrifos - cabbage stem flea beetle only) and one oxadiazin (indoxacarb) in different concentrations were rated. The mortality of the pests was rated 24 hours after active component functioning for pollen beetle and cabbage seed weevil and after 48 hours for cabage stem flea beetle. Then lethal concentration LC50 and LC95 values were assessed. For ppollen beetle, the resistance against pyrethroids was confirmed with the exception, the effect of neonicotinoids was variable, acetamiprid and thiacloprid showed reduced efficiency in populations of some areas. Assessed populations of cabbage seed weevil and cabbage stem flea beetle were very sensitive to pyrethroids, but neonicotinoids showed insufficient efficiency. The indoxacarb sensitivity of pollen beetle and cabbage stem flea beetle was high.

The thesis describes characteristics of rapeseed and its life cycle. Its main objective is to approach the problematics of weeds in the spring formo of rapeseed on the lands of agricultural company AGRO Dolní Bukovsko. Small-plot experiment was founded on cadastral area Bzí near Dolní Bukovsko, in direction to Týn nad Vltavou. The problems in cultivation of cultural plants are caused by weeds, which are negatively affecting the quality of production as well as the economics of cultivation. Evaluation of weeds was carried out by the counting method in the period since March to August 2016. Number of the weed plants which were found on the particular location was regularly registered and evaluated. In the conclustion it is possible to state that long-term regulation of weed occurence has to be undertaken in time, thoroughly and has to be based on complete protection. Complete protection consists of direct and indirect methods of regulation. As one of the many but most effective possibilities it is possible to use herbicide preparations

The aim of this thesis is to expand knowledge about how to control very dangerous weeds occurring on arable land in forests grown rapeseed. When growing crops are placed great demands on the quality of both production and the economy growing. Modern technologies of cultivation and the production system measures its influence reached the amount of seeds and harvest quality. The possibility of using herbicides to control the occurrence of plant very dangerous weed species in stands grown at conventional oilseed farming is offered as one of the many and very effective control measures against the occurrence of monocot and dicotyledonous weeds.

The aims of my PhD thesis are to find out occurence of resistance population of pollen beetle, degree of resistance in population and to suggest possible change of the antiresistant strategy. At the same time it was investigated identification of pollen beetle species (Brassicogethes spp., Meligethes spp. and others) and their dominance in oilseed rape. Populations were collected from commonly used fields of oilseed rape, mustard and poppy in the region of central and southern Moravia and Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012. The individuals were exposed active ingredients lambda-cyhalothrin, ethofenprox, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos (ethyl) and the preparation Biscaya 240 OD according to methodology of Insecticide Resistancee Action Committee (IRAC) number 011, 021, 025. Decreased effectivenes active ingredients from group pyrethroids a neonicotinoids among individual year were found. There are resistance populations. The Cross Resistance were discovered between active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin and ethofenprox. Active ingredient chlorpyrifos (ethyl) were the most effective of all active ingredients which were tested. Pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus) was the most frequent species in all compared samples (2009 -- 2011). From the accompanying species B. subaeneus and B. viridescens were markedly more frequent in this study. To find out differences among the individual pollen beetle species during the laboratory tests of their susceptibility to insecticides is very important. It shouldn't used or combined active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin and ethofenprox and another active ingredient should changed intensively.

The insect society living in oilseed rape is large. Change of the crop characteristics affects both harmful species and beneficious ones. The latter group consists of a lot of members of order Hymenoptera. This work focuses on the evaluation of impact of white oilseed rape cultivation on the insect society in comparison with two yellow winter varieties. Newly bred winter oilseed rape line variety Witt was compared to two hybrid varieties of yellow rape; Sherpa and DK Sensei. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and its plots were placed at Ruzyně at Crop Reserach Institute (VÚRV, v. v. i.) and also at the Experimental Unit of Czech University of Life Sciences (ČZU) in Uhříněves. The insects were collected by sweeping net, soil larvae traps and soil emergence traps. The occurrence of serious pests (pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae, cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephalus and cabbage flea beetles Phyllotreta sp.) was recorded. Dominant parasitoid species were Tersilochus heterocerus, Platygaster subuliformis, Trichomalus perfectus, Mesopolobus morys and Omphale clypealis. The level of pest mortality was evaluated. Numbers of species identified by key were processed using generalized linear model method in R statistical software. The results confirm suitability of the assessed varieties in the white oilseed rape cultivation system, notably in the combination of Sherpa and Witt. They give an insight into parasitoid community of oilseed rape in Czech republic, which is useful for management of serious pest species.

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic. Clubroot disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is a serious and still-growing problem for oilseed rape growers. Research on P. brassicae in the Czech Republic is therefore important for the development of effective strategies to manage clubroot under Czech environmental conditions. One of the aims of this study was monitoring of this pathogen. The disease was previously widespread in commercial vegetable production and in hobby gardens. Since 2010, oilseed rape clubroot started to spread across the whole country, whereas it had previously only been observed in the northeast. Clubroot occurrence was monitored for five years by the Union of Oilseed Growers and Processors on the basis of disease symptoms present on oilseed rape fields. The presence of P. brassicae and clubroot symptoms were reported in all regions of the Czech Republic, except the Ústecký Region, and in 31 out of 76 districts. At present, at least 130 fields are known to be infested by the pathogen, but this number is very likely underestimated. Some soil samples were also tested by conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to evaluate the possibility of their usage. All 14 suspected samples tested positive by PCR. The next aim was to evaluate the pathotype composition of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic, according to the three evaluation systems, and to determine soil inoculum loads for representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well as quantitative PCR analysis. There were considerable differences between the populations of P. brassicae, and the number of pathotypes varied depending on the evaluation system and the threshold used to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant plant reactions. This is the first study comparing the effect of different thresholds. Using an index of disease (ID) of 25 % to distinguish susceptible vs. resistants reactions, there was a total of five pathotypes identified based on the differentials of Williams, five with the system of Somé et al., and 10 with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. However, based on a threshold of 50%, there were five pathotypes according to the evaluation system by Williams, four based on the differentials of Somé et al. and 8 with the ECD set. Changing of the thresholds led to the reclassification of some pathotypes. Pathotypes 7 by Williams was the most frequent in both thresholds. High amounts of pathogen DNA were found in many of the field soils analysed by quantitative PCR. Experiments with P. brassicae-resistant cultivars of winter oilseed rape were conducted in an infested field and greenhouse. In the greenhouse, six resistant cultivars were grown in infested soil collected from various fields in the Czech Republic and assessed for index of disease (ID %). The best results bring cultivar Mentor (2+- 0.7 %) closely followed by cultivar SY Alister (5+-1.1 %), the highest ID had cultivar CHW 241 (30+-3.8%). In the field experiment, seven resistant cultivars were grown, and disease development was monitored monthly. The lowest index of disease brought cultivar Andromeda (3+- 0.8 %) and PT 235 (4+-1.5 %), the highest ID has cultivar CWH 241(46 +- 6.5 %) in the first season and in the second season any cultivar achieved 25 % ID. Yields were measured at the end of the cropping season. The highest yield was achieved by cultivar SY Alister (6.1 t/ha) in the first season and cultivar PT 242 (5.03 t/ha) in the second season. The inoculum level was measured across the field by (qPCR), and a map of the infestation was created. The highest spore concentration was found on the field entrance. Collectively, the information obtained on the effectiveness of host resistance and pathogenic diversity of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic may help to more effectively manage clubroot in this country.

The theses serves as a comparison of different ways in the intensity of Brassica napus protection through the vegetational period. There were various protection types evaluated and their harmfulness was specified. Theses confronts the production of greenhouse gases emissions. The result is the surface unit emissive burden assesment and its conversion into the Brassica napus yield unit. These conclusions are based on the practical experiment which was realised in the farm located in Krty-Hradec village.

The aim of this thesis is to extend the knowledge about the use of modern machinery cultivator with minimum tillage and conventional tillage in agriculture. For this purpose you can use a wide range of agricultural machines from various manufacturers such as the Horsch, Lemken, Vaderstad and more. In this work evaluates the stubble Horsch Terrano 6FG and Vaderstad Carrier 820 with a focus on lumps size, incorporation of crop residues and maintain the set depth.

This bachelor thesis deals with the development of molecular selection markers for the detection of fertility restorers for CMS Shaan 2A in rape by molecular techniques. The thesis describes molecular techniques such as DNA isolation techniques, polymerase chain reaction and primer design techniques for the detection of fertility restorers. Specific PCR primers for the Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) superfamily protein gene and the Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) -like superfamily protein gene sequence amplification have been designed and aplicons have been sequenced. On the basis of the sequence differences between plants with fertility restorer fenotype and CMS fenotype the technique for fertility restorer detection was designed.