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Time domain modeling of electromagnetic radiation with application to ultrafast electronic and wireless communicationRemley, Catherine A. 16 March 1999 (has links)
Graduation date: 1999
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Three dimensional electromagnetic FDTD simulation of general lossy structures with nonuniform grid spacingFalconer, Maynard C. 23 January 1997 (has links)
A new second order accurate nonuniform grid spacing technique which does not
depend on supraconvergence is developed for Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD)
simulation of general three dimensional structures. The technique is useful for FDTD
simulations of systems which require finer details in small regions of the simulation space by
providing the ability to utilize nonuniform grid spacing. The stability conditions of the new
technique are derived and shown to be consistent with uniform grid formulation and the
accuracy of the technique is investigated and shown to be second order. The advantage of
the new technique is that it allows for greater simulation detail while reducing the
computational and memory requirements compared to the current uniform grid FDTD
techniques.
Additionally, the derivation of the expressions associated with the inclusion of material
properties in the FDTD simulation with nonuniform grids is presented allowing for the
development of a nonuniform FDTD simulator for general lossy 3D systems associated
with on and off chip interconnects, electronic packages and microwave circuits. In order to
illustrate the utility of this simulator, time domain electromagnetic simulation of a 3-D lossy
interconnect structure associated with a generic surface mount IC package is presented.
The time domain currents and fields are computed in the structure to investigate ground
bounce, signal degradation, and crosstalk associated with the interconnects and packaging
structure. The supply plane conductivities are included in the simulation allowing the
observation of the current densities in the power/ground planes as a function of time.
Finally, the FDTD simulation tool is proposed and used as a Virtual TDR (V-TDR) to
extract the circuit models associated with complex 3D structures. The time domain
response of a multiport structure is used to extract the equivalent circuit parameters to
characterize the multiport by using the multiport time domain reflection (TDR) based
general deconvolution algorithm. Examples of coupled interconnects and transmission
lines are presented to illustrate this technique. / Graduation date: 1997
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Guidelines for implementing real-time process control using the PCStanford, Clayton R. 06 December 1996 (has links)
The application of the personal computer in the area of real-time process control
is investigated. Background information is provided regarding factory automation and
process control. The current use of the PC in the factory for data acquisition is
presented along with an explanation of the advantages and disadvantages associated
with extending the use of the PC to real-time process control. The use of interrupt-driven
and polled I/O to obtain real-time response is investigated and contrasted with
the use of a real-time operating system. A unique compilation of information provides
guidelines for selecting an implementation method for real-time control. Experimental
work is performed to evaluate the access time and latency periods for the hard drive,
video monitor, and I/O devices operating in a DOS environment. The execution speeds
of C and assembly language programs are investigated. A method to estimate the
performance of a real-time control system using polled or interrupt-driven I/O is
developed. / Graduation date: 1997
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Enhanced accuracy time domain reflection and transmission measurements for IC interconnect characterizationSmolyansky, Dmitry A. 30 September 1994 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to develop accuracy enhancement techniques for the Time
Domain Reflection/Transmission (TDR/T) measurements including the analysis of the
error sources for the Enhanced Accuracy TDR/T (EA-TDR/T). These TDR/T techniques
are used for IC and IC package interconnect characterization and equivalent circuit model
extraction, which are important for evaluating the overall system performance in today's
digital IC design.
The frequency domain error correction has been used to get parameters for a
Device Under Test (DUT) from time domain measurements. The same technique can be
used as an intermediate step for obtaining the EA-TDR/T.
Careful choice of the acquisition window and precise alignment of the DUT and
calibration standard waveforms are necessary to get the accuracy enhancement for the
TDR/T. Improved FFT techniques are used in order to recover the actual spectra of the
step-like time domain waveforms acquired with an acquisition window with a finite time
length. The EA-TDR/T waveform are recovered from error corrected frequency domain
parameters of the DUT by launching an ideal excitation at the DUT and finding the response. The rise time of the ideal excitation can be faster than that of the physical excitation in the measurement system. However, excessive high-frequency noise can enter the system if the rise time of the ideal excitation is chosen to be too high.
The resulting EA-TDR/T waveforms show significantly less aberrations than the conventional TDR/T waveforms, hence allow us to extract accurate equivalent circuit model for the DUT, which in our case is IC interconnects. / Graduation date: 1995
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Characterization and electrical circuit modeling of interconnections and packages using time domain network analysisHayden, Leonard 03 June 1993 (has links)
The improved accuracy of Time Domain Reflection and Transmission (TDR/T)
measurements made possible by the calibration process known as Time Domain
Network Analysis (TDNA) is applied to the problem of characterization and modeling
of electronic interconnect and packaging structures. TDNA uses measurements of
known and partially known calibration standards to characterize the measurement
system allowing for the correction of the raw measurements of an unknown network
to eliminate the effects of system non-idealities and resulting in a significant
improvement of the measurement quality. The correction process is shown to be
analogous to the well established Frequency Domain Vector Network Analyzer
calibrations and to have the same capabilities for high precision metrology
applications.
Methods are developed to extract electrical circuit models from time domain
measurements of lossless, nonuniform, multiconductor transmission lines for two
broad classes of structures. Although unique solutions are not feasible for general
structures that scatter the propagating wave-front, approximate solutions have been
identified using the assumption of a single velocity wave-front, the case for homogeneous media. For structures with identical lines, such as a parallel line bus structure, the propagation behavior (eigenvector matrix) is determined only by the number of conductors, N, and is therefore known a priori for the entire structure allowing decoupling of the system into N orthogonal nonuniform transmission lines. Circuit models have been developed for these decoupled nonuniform lines as well as for the equal modal velocity assumption which relies on a matrix impedance profile to fully describe the system.
The implications of non-ideal grounding of interconnection circuits is explored. Traditional lumped element methods for modeling these effects are examined and typical examples where distributed circuit models are necessary to adequately describe the system are identified. Techniques for examining power-planes and substrate connections in integrated circuits and integrated circuit packages using the distributed ground model are presented. Novel circuit design methods to circumvent the limitations imposed by non-ideal grounds and nonzero length transmission structures are also proposed. / Graduation date: 1994
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Real-time Mosaic for Multi-Camera VideoconferencingKlechenov, Anton, Gupta, Aditya Kumar, Wong, Weng Fai, Ng, Teck Khim, Leow, Wee Kheng 01 1900 (has links)
This paper describes a system for high resolution video conferencing. A number of camcorders are used to capture the video, which are then mosaiced to generate a wide angle panoramic view. Furthermore this system is made “real-time” by detecting changes and updating them on the mosaic. This system can be deployed on a single machine or on a cluster for better performance. It is also scalable and shows a good real-time performance. The main application for this system is videoconferencing for distance learning but it can be used for any high resolution broadcasting. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
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Quantification and signaling of alternatively spliced GFRα2 isoformsToo, Heng-Phon, Fung, Winnie Kar Yee 01 1900 (has links)
Neurturin (NTN) belongs to the glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of growth factors. Both NTN and GDNF have been shown to potently prevent the degeneration of dopaminergic neuron in vitro and in vivo. The GDNF family receptor alpha 2 (GFRα-2) is the preferred receptor for NTN. In addition to the known full-length isoform (GFRα-2a), we have previously reported the isolation of two novel alternatively spliced isoforms (GFRα-2b and GFRα-2c). The expression levels of these isoforms have yet to be quantified and the functional properties determined. In this report, we have developed a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SYBR Green I to detect the expression levels of the three splice variants (GFRα-2a, GFRα-2b and GFRα-2c) in murine tissues. Both GFRα-2a and GFRα-2c were expressed at similar levels in all tissues examined. GFRα-2b was found to be 10 fold lower in expression. All three isoforms activated MAPK (ERK1/2) and Akt. Transcriptional profiling with DNA microarrays demonstrated that the spliced isoforms do not share similar profiles. In conclusion, we have now shown the expression levels of the spliced variants. All three isoforms are functional. However, each isoform appeared to have unique transcriptional profiles when activated. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)
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A Faster Primal Network Simplex AlgorithmAggarwal, Charu C., Kaplan, Haim, Tarjan, Robert E., 1948- 03 1900 (has links)
We present a faster implementation of the polynomial time primal simplex algorithm due to Orlin [23]. His algorithm requires O(nm min{log(nC), m log n}) pivots and O(n2 m ??n{log nC, m log n}) time. The bottleneck operations in his algorithm are performing the relabeling operations on nodes, selecting entering arcs for pivots, and performing the pivots. We show how to speed up these operations so as to yield an algorithm whose running time is O(nm. log n) per scaling phase. We show how to extend the dynamic-tree data-structure in order to implement these algorithms. The extension may possibly have other applications as well.
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A Coupled Multi-ALU Processing Node for a Highly Parallel ComputerKeckler, Stephen W. 01 September 1992 (has links)
This report describes Processor Coupling, a mechanism for controlling multiple ALUs on a single integrated circuit to exploit both instruction-level and inter-thread parallelism. A compiler statically schedules individual threads to discover available intra-thread instruction-level parallelism. The runtime scheduling mechanism interleaves threads, exploiting inter-thread parallelism to maintain high ALU utilization. ALUs are assigned to threads on a cycle byscycle basis, and several threads can be active concurrently. Simulation results show that Processor Coupling performs well both on single threaded and multi-threaded applications. The experiments address the effects of memory latencies, function unit latencies, and communication bandwidth between function units.
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The Silko-Vonnegut Factor : Literary strategies that re-map temporal instincts /Engle, Patricia McCloskey. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 284-293).
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