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Humans, octopuses, bees, scrub jays, and dogs have all been shown to have rich cognitive capacities, but their minds work very differently. What are the most important factors contributing to the kind of mind an animal has? I show that the ways in which an animal relates to time—its ways of representing the temporal and the nature of its memory—are crucial to the rest of its capacities. I develop empirically-informed philosophical accounts of the natures of episodic memory, and of the representation of temporal properties, temporal frameworks, and narratives. And I use these accounts to interpret the relevant empirical literature, and to show how these capacities can transform the extent to which animals can understand the complexity of the world.

In the past, research into the perception of time and the perception of pattern have proceeded independently. In the present study, the effect of the patterning of stimuli on the perception of time is investigated, and a theory of time perception elaborated. An experiment designed to investigate some of the factors postulated in this theory is described. It is suggested that really significant results can only be expected from a close analysis of the performance of individuals. Such an analysis of the data from this experiment provides definite evidence for the existence of some of the processes postulated in the theory.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Education in the Department of Social Science Education at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014 / Effective time utilisation leads to greater freedom to use time as one would like to: to do more of the things one has always wanted to do; in short to enjoy life more. Like in any other business organisation, time for planning, organising, leading and controlling is managed carefully. The principal needs time to perform all the above mentioned tasks. In this study, the author accentuates that it is disconcerting that from time to time, there are schools that do not even have a time table when the schools open at the beginning of the year. It would be interesting to know how much time might be wasted as a result of a lack of planning, lack of priorities, paperwork and reading, meetings, unclear objectives, procrastination, lack of delegation, incompetent subordinates and many other time wasters. The purpose of the study was to determine the school principal’s understanding of the time management task and explore how effective school principals manage time in performing their different tasks. Fifty principals from Phumelela and Umbumbulu Circuits, under the Umlazi District completed a survey questionnaire and semi structured interviews were conducted. The researcher was able to determine the pattern of time usage. The findings revealed that factors hampering time management include among other things meetings that principals have to attend, departmental expectations, visitors, the organisational stress, administrative obligations and inability to differentiate between urgent and important matters to attend to hampers the principal’s time management tasks. The study among other things recommended that the provincial education departments need to provide appropriate training for school governing bodies that a well organised and goal directed system should operate to control school visitors in the schools’ interest.

Cartan geometry provides a rich formalism from which to look at various geometrically motivated extensions to general relativity. In this manuscript, we start by motivating reasons to extend the theory of general relativity. We then introduce the reader to our technique, called the quotient manifold method, for extending the geometry of spacetime. We will specifically look at the class of theories formed from the various quotients of the conformal group. Starting with the conformal symmetries of Euclidean space, we construct a manifold where time manifests as a part of the geometry. Though there is no matter present in the geometry studied here, geometric terms analogous to dark energy and dark matter appear when we write down the Einstein tensor. Specifically, the quotient of the conformal group of Euclidean four-space by its Weyl subgroup results in a geometry possessing many of the properties of relativistic phase space, including both a natural symplectic form and nondegenerate Killing metric. We show the general solution possesses orthogonal Lagrangian submanifolds, with the induced metric and the spin connection on the submanifolds necessarily Lorentzian, despite the Euclidean starting point. By examining the structure equations of the biconformal space in an orthonormal frame adapted to its phase space properties, we also nd two new tensor fields exist in this geometry, not present in Riemannian geometry. The rst is a combination of the Weyl vector with the scale factor on the metric, and determines the time-like directions on the submanifolds. The second comes from the components of the spin connection, symmetric with respect to the new metric. Though this eld comes from the spin connection, it transforms homogeneously. Finally, we show in the absence of Cartan curvature or sources, the conguration space has geometric terms equivalent to a perfect fluid and a cosmological constant. We complete the analysis of this homogeneous space by transforming the known, general solution of the Maurer-Cartan equations into the orthogonal, Lagrangian basis. This results in a signature-changing metric, just as in the work of Spencer and Wheeler, however without any conditions on the curvature of the momentum sector. The Riemannian curvatures of the two submanifolds are directly related. We investigate the case where the curvature on the momentum submanifold vanishes, while the curvature of the configuration submanifold gives an effective energy-momentum tensor corresponding to a perfect fluid. In the second part of this manuscript, we look at the most general curved biconformal geometry dictated by the Wehner-Wheeler action. We use the assemblage of structure equations, Bianchi identities, and eld equations to show how the geometry of the manifolds self-organizes into trivial Weyl geometries, which can then be gauged to Riemannian geometries. The Bianchi identities reveal the strong relationships between the various curvatures, torsions, and cotorsions. The discussion of the curved case culminates in a number of simplifying restrictions that show general relativity as the base of the more general theory.

The metaphor of buildings as "living beings" offers insight into our attitudes towards buildings and how we might conceive of buildings differently as architects. By personifying buildings as being alive, we understand the full life of a building, not only its past history but also its future needs, transformations or uses. The ceremonial opening of a building often assumes a finished construction existing within a fixed moment in time. In reality, however, buildings perpetually evolve throughout their entire lifetime. The story of a building's life, a chronicle of both the process of making and its evolution, can be narrated by the architect through the language of details. This thesis proposes a Gallery + Library Archive for Black Mountain College at the site of a fire-ravaged cotton mill within the River Arts District of Asheville, North Carolina. The project seeks to establish a continuum between the historic past of the site and the current transformations of the district. The architectural design of the new building serves as a vehicle to study buildings in time and details that reveal the process of a building's making. / Master of Architecture

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Time series models have been widely used in simulating financial data sets. Finding a nice way to estimate the parameters is really important. One of the traditional ways is to use maximum likelihood estimation to make an approach. However, when the error terms don’t have normality, MLE would be less efficient. Quasi maximum likelihood estimation, also regarded as Gaussian MLE, would be more efficient. Considering the heavy-tailed financial data sets, we can use non-Gaussian quasi maximum likelihood, which needs less assumptions and conditions. We use real financial data sets to compare these estimators.