Ad Hoc Networks are transmission networks on the structure of wireless networks by consisting of many mobile hosts. But it is no need to use any support by other communication infrastructures like Base Stations, and directly use wireless networks for data-transmission. Because the feature of per host as fast movement, every host can join or go away as it likes, thus, the topology appeared from Ad Hoc networks will have higher probability to make packet loss or transmission delay and cause network flooded to do unnecessary re-send and lose the flow of running data. We will explain generally some relative protocols of setting up routes and possible problems. Besides, describe relative researches of how to solve and reduce the possibility of problem happened. Then, we will bring up a new constructive protocol (Partition-Timing Routing Protocol¡APTR), the protocol can adjust neighboring nodes of covered scope to select certain node to be own core node, if any covered node needs to transmit data to others outside the scope, it has to be managed by core node. Besides, the timing for update and adjust data of per covered scope is different too and not as same as other ways which update timing is at the same time to reduce the load of the entirely network and more changeable. Furthermore, it may increase the rate of update of per scope to get the target of succeeding data-transmission. The simulation results will appear that the load and possibility of data transmission has more advantages than other ways.

Motion blur is one important method for increasing the visual quality of real-time applications. This is increasingly true in the area of interactive applications, where designers often seek to add graphical flair or realism to their programs. These applications often have animated characters with a polygonal mesh wrapped around an animated skeleton; and as the skeleton moves the mesh deforms with it. This thesis presents a method for adding a geometric motion blur to a deforming polygonal mesh. The scheme presented tracks an object's motion silhouette, and uses this to create a polygonal mesh. When this mesh is added to the scene, it gives the appearance of a motion blur on a single object or particular character. The method is generic enough to work on nearly any type of moving polygonal model. Examples are given that show how the method could be expanded and how changes could be made to improve its performance.

The purpose of this exploratory case study was to describe an expert teacher’s decision-making system during interactive instruction using teacher self-report information, classroom observation data, and physiological recordings. Timed recordings of instructional interaction variables using an adapted Stallings Observation System were combined with simultaneous skin voltage measurements in time series analyses to describe observable and physiological elements of an expert teacher’s decision-making process. The mean and standard deviation of observable decision-action rates on teacher-identified “teaching days” were higher than the rates on “guiding” days. Bivariate time series analysis of decision-action rates and physiological response rates showed a significant positive relationship between the teacher’s decision-action rate and her physiological response rate on one teaching day. The positive relationship between the teacher’s decision-action rate and her physiological response rate was found to be context-dependent and related to the teaching strategy being used. High decision-action rates during direct instruction were associated with high physiological response rates compared to lower decision-action rates and physiological response rates while monitoring independent seatwork during a test. Correlation analysis of physiological response rates with time revealed slight, but statistically significant negative trends for four of the five observation days. Major features of the teacher’s decision-making system included focusing attention on academic instruction with the use of routines for managing students and materials to perform teaching tasks; both proactive and reactive improvisational decisions; and physiological events characteristic of autonomic nervous system activity during instructional sequences of high teacher-student interactivity. Damasio’s Somatic Marker Hypothesis (Damasio, 1999) is offered as an explanation for the generation of specific characteristics of the expert teacher’s instruction, such as the high frequency of decision-actions and automaticity of appropriate decisions.

In this thesis, we develop algorithms that make optimal use of frequency scaling to schedule jobs with real??time requirements. Dynamic voltage scaling is a technique used to reduce energy consumption in wide variety of systems. Reducing supply voltage results in a lower processor clock speed since the supply voltage has a proportional dependency on the clock speed of the processing system. In hard real??time systems, unduly reducing the speed of processor could result in jobs missing their deadlines. The voltage scaling in such systems should therefore take into consideration the deadline of jobs. This thesis will address two questions: First, given a set of discrete frequency levels, we determine an energy-optimal sched- ule of a given set of real-time jobs. We model the problem as a network flow graph and use linear programming to solve the problem. The schedule can be used on processors with discrete frequencies (like Transmeta Efficeon Processor and AMD Turion 64 Processor). Second, given a set of real??time jobs, we determine a set of optimal frequency levels which minimizes the energy consumption while meeting all the timing con- straints. This can be used to model variable-capacity facilities in operations re- search, where the capacity of the facility can be controlled at a cost.

The shape of drift function in continuous time interest rate models has been investigated by many authors during the past decade. The main concerns have been whether the drift function is linear or nonlinear, but no convincing conclusions have been seen. In this dissertation, we investigate the reason for this problem and test several models of the drift function using a nonparametric test. Furthermore, we study some related problems, including the empirical properties of the nonparametric test. First, we propose regression models for the estimation of the drift function in some continuous time models. The limiting distribution of the parameter estimator in the proposed regression model is derived under certain conditions. Based on our analyses, we conclude that the effect of drift function for some U.S. Treasury Bill yields data is negligible. Therefore, neither linear nor nonlinear modeling has a significant effect. Second, parametric linear and nonlinear proposed regression models are applied and the correctness of those models is examined using the consistent nonparametric model specification test introduced by Li (1994) and Zheng (1996), henceforth the Jn test. The test results indicate that there is no strong statistical evidence against the assumed drift models. Furthermore, the constant drift model is not rejected either. Third, we compare the Jn and generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) tests through Monte Carlo simulation studies concerning whether the sizes of tests are stable over a range of bandwidth values, which is an important indicator to measure the usefulness of nonparametric tests. The GLR test was applied to testing the linear drift function in continuous time models by Fan and Zhang (2003). Our simulation study shows that the GLR test does not provide stable sizes over a grid of bandwidth values in testing the drift function of some continuous time models, whereas the Jn test usually does.

We study behavior for negative times t of the 2D periodic Navier-Stokes equations and Burgers' original model for turbulence. Both systems are proved to have rich sets of solutions that exist for all t - R and increase exponentially as t -> -(Infinity) However, our study shows that the behavior of these solutions as well as the geometrical structure of the sets of their initial data are very different. As a consequence, Burgers original model for turbulence becomes the first known dissipative system that despite possessing a rich set of backward-time exponentially growing solutions, does not display any similarities, as t -> -(Infinity), to the linear case.

The effect on urban rainfall of pollution aerosols is studied both by data analysis and computational simulation. Our study examines data for urban areas undergoing decadal clean-up. We compare the annual precipitation between polluted sites and relatively clean sites through the time range before and during their clean-up periods to see how the air quality may affect the precipitation amount. By comparing the annual precipitation amount between two polluted sites with different elevations we demonstrate the role that elevation may play in rainfall suppression. Based on the data we collected, we built a model to analyze the relationship between air pollution aerosols and precipitation. Finally, we used a model of time dependent condensational aerosol growth to numerically study the relationship of air pollution aerosols and precipitation amount. Based on these results, we found a negative relationship of precipitation amount and air pollution amount; also, the simulation results clearly demonstrated that too many air pollution particles will deplete the water vapor and suppress further growth of condensation nuclei (CN) toward cloud condensation nuclei (CNN). This study supported the theoretical explanation on why air pollution could suppress urban rainfall.

Chromium doped crystals exhibit different emitting properties for their different valance species and the host crystals. Ruby shows narrow twin peaks around 694 nm for its Cr3+ ions. Cr4+:YAG has a broadband luminescence range on 1.1~1.6£gm, which is suitable for optical communication. The thesis aims to study the luminescent spectra of Cr ions in different crystal structure (Al2O3 and YAG). Cr concentration dependent spectra indicate Cr3+ moving toward the octahedron sites. It results the change of luminescent spectra and luminescent decay lifetime. Both FTIR and confocal microscopy are used for the investigations. Step-scan FTIR provides the relation of luminescence intensity relating to both wavenumber and delay time, of the external light source.The high numerical aperture optics in the confocal microscope provides higher collection efficiency, and results a better S/N ratio. In addition, Raman spectra are measured. Ruby and sapphire crystals exhibit different Raman spectra, which results from the electronic resonance of the Cr3+ ions in the ruby crystal.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).