There is a great demand for low-cost disposable sensors in a variety of markets, such as the food chainand health care. No assay is performed more than that of glucose and approximately 85 % of the entirebiosensor market accounts for glucose biosensors. Each year, 6 billion glucose assays are performed andthe majority of them are based on electrochemical detection. Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs) have favorable properties in terms of low operating voltages and have previously been used asbase for electrochemical detection of glucose. A low-cost disposable biosensor can be achieved by theuse of high throughput printing techniques. Up until now, no printable biosensors based on organic electrochemicaltransistors have been developed. In this thesis a printable miniaturized prototype for a glucose biosensor based on an OECT with a platinizedgate electrode has been designed, developed and evaluated. The biosensor has been functionalizedwith the enzyme glucose oxidase. Different platinum deposition techniques have been used to depositplatinum onto the printed carbon gate electrode: electrodeposition, platinum nanoparticle solutiondeposited either by inkjet printing or pipetting and thermal evaporation. The gate electrodes were characterized with cyclic voltammetry in hydrogen peroxide, ferricyanide andglucose. The characterizations revealed no significant differences between the different deposition techniques.However, with gate electrodes produced by printed carbon followed by electrodeposition ofplatinum it was possible to sense glucose in a concentration in the range of the values for diabetic persons.Thus, the electrodes are a promising option as gate electrodes in a glucose biosensor based on anOECT. The characteristics of the OECT revealed that the responses resembled a transistor.

In the hectic world of an IT helpdesk with an ever increasing number of applications and tasks on the go, managing the intricacies of how to navigate these is a cause of frustration for helpdesk workers. I had noticed while working on a helpdesk that the workspace area - particularly the monitor setups that IT helpdesk workers have to use - makes doing their job difficult. The number of applications open, the number of tasks on the go at once and the added pressure of customer contact, all call for applications and data to be accessed quickly - but the set up of the users workspace generally does not allow for this. The main objective of this research is to compare the difference between the use of a single screen, a dual screen and the new Multi-Layer Display (MLD) and the complications of having multiple applications and multiple monitors operating at one time for IT Helpdesk Workers. This research looked at how the users' monitor setup influenced the performance, efficiency, satisfaction, ergonomics and learning of the participants.The research showed that there was a clear dislike of the current set up of single screens; all participants felt that the single screen setup limited what they could do at once and it rated the least favourite of all. The dual and MLD screens showed positive outcomes for increasing multi-tasking abilities and raising users' perceived performance and satisfaction levels. The added screen real estate of both the dual and MLD over the single screen meant that users consistently had more information available to them 7which enabled them to complete tasks quicker, monitor other applications for incoming jobs, easily transfer data from one application to another and multi-task more effectively. While there were some minor ergonomic concerns and learning difficulties with the unique features and utilities of the both the dual and MLD monitors, participants still preferred to use these setups over the single screen.

This dissertation consists of 3 essays that examine the impact of electronic screen trading in futures markets. The research provides empirical evidence on increasingly significant issues given the rapid global advances in technology used in securities markets. Each essay addresses the scarcity of conclusive research in order to aid researchers, regulators, exchange policy makers and systems builders as they confront issues related to electronic trading systems.

Thesis (M.A.)--Syracuse University, 2001. / "Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Illustration in the Graduate School of Syracuse University." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boise State University, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-131).

Thesis (M.S.)--Boise State University, 2009. / Title from t.p. of PDF file (viewed June 1, 2010). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-131).

Thèse (M.Ps.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. 14-15. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thèse (M.Ps.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.

<p>In order to propagate a solid tumor, cancer cells must adapt to and survive under various tumor microenvironment (TME) stresses, such as hypoxia or lactic acidosis. Additionally, cancer cells exposed to these stresses are more resistant to therapies, more likely to metastasize and often are worse for patient prognosis. While the presence of these stresses is generally negative for cancer patients, since these stresses are mostly unique to the TME, they also offer an opportunity to develop more selective therapeutics. If we achieve a better understanding of the adaptive mechanisms cancer cells employ to survive the TME stresses, then hopefully we, as a scientific community, can devise more effective cancer therapeutics specifically targeting cancer cells under stress. To systematically identify genes that modulate cancer cell survival under stresses, we performed shRNA screens under hypoxia or lactic acidosis. From these screens, we discovered that genetic depletion of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA or ACC1) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) protected cancer cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the loss of ACLY or ACC1 reduced the levels and activities of the oncogenic transcription factor ETV4. Silencing ETV4 also protected cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis and led to remarkably similar transcriptional responses as with silenced ACLY or ACC1, including an anti-apoptotic program. Metabolomic analysis found that while α-ketoglutarate levels decrease under hypoxia in control cells, α-ketoglutarate was paradoxically increased under hypoxia when ACC1 or ACLY were depleted. Supplementation with α-ketoglutarate rescued the hypoxia-induced apoptosis and recapitulated the decreased expression and activity of ETV4, likely via an epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, ACC1 and ACLY regulated the levels of ETV4 under hypoxia via increased α-ketoglutarate. These results reveal that the ACC1/ACLY-α-ketoglutarate-ETV4 axis is a novel means by which metabolic states regulate transcriptional output for life vs. death decisions under hypoxia. Since many lipogenic inhibitors are under investigation as cancer therapeutics, our findings suggest that the use of these inhibitors will need to be carefully considered with respect to oncogenic drivers, tumor hypoxia, progression and dormancy. More broadly, our screen provides a framework for studying additional tumor cell stress-adaption mechanisms in the future.</p> / Dissertation