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5 normal subjects randomly selected from the entire grade 8 male population at Vancouver Technical Secondary School, and 5 retarded subjects from the special class at the same school were exposed to a series of 5 reaction time experiments involving a button press response to a series of stimulus lights, and varying in complexity from simple reaction time to an 8 choice situation. The object was to test the effect of the decision mechanism involvement on reaction time. It was hypothesized that the retardates would be significantly slower than the normals on the reaction time tasks, and that a linear equation would describe the best fitting line of the normals when the speed of response was plotted against the informational load of the stimulus, while a non-linear equation would best describe the retardates' scores. The result indicated that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the reaction time scores of the retarded and the normal groups, but a probability level of .075 was obtained. There was no statistically significant evidence to indicate which equation was the best fit to the retarded and normal scores; however, visual inspection indicated that the observed trends were in agreement with the prediction. It was concluded that although the evidence presented was not statistically significant, enough evidence has been presented to suggest that retardates do not react to a level of information beyond 2 bits in a linear fashion that typifies the normals, and that further research is required to ascertain the causal factor in the retardates' inability to react at a normal level on a reaction time task. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

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While Karl Marx's concept of time has not received the same attention as other elements of his work, it is nonetheless an important aspect of his idea about history. Of those studies which have dealt with this problem, three questions stand. First, to what degree does time contain transhistorical and historically specific elements? Secondly, to what extent does human agency or deterministic forces underpin the construction of historical time? Thirdly, what is the nature of the relationship between absolute and relative time? In attempting to answer these questions, this thesis argues that Marx saw each of these elements as playing an important role in the constitution of historical time.In particular, this thesis argues that Marx demonstrates that time is manifested in the material world through a process that expresses transhistorical features in the emanation of time through human creative activity, and historically specific elements in the socially constructed forms of time that reflect the material conditions of the particular society in which they appear. It suggests, moreover, that he shows how time is shaped by both human agency, in the form of class struggle over the appropriation and control of time, as well by deterministic forces as seen in the role of institutional structures and the movement and reproduction of capital. Again, it endeavours to show that Marx develops the notion that absolute time, which is an historically specific concept, plays a crucial role in capitalist society as a measure of exchange-value and labour time, and that it co-exists with relative time, which emanates through different production processes as multiple and discontinuous temporalities. It further argues that Marx saw capitalist society as giving rise to an historical time that is universal and directional, and that is changing in its nature in response to changes in ++ / methods and relations of production.More generally, this thesis attempts to demonstrate that Marx's ideas about historical time have the inherent ability to transcend their place and time to be relevant to contemporary historical interpretation. Such an approach, it suggests, can help historians to understand the operation of historical time in the different phases of the development of capitalist society, the nature and functioning of temporal logics of non-capitalist societies, and how changes in the forms of time occur within and between different social forms. Above all, it argues that his concept of time is highly relevant to the interpretation of history in the postmodern phase of capitalist development and that, indeed, his idea of time both shares a number of similarities with Michel Foucault's idea about time, as well as goes beyond such an explanation.

In recent years Ethernet has cought the attention of the real-time community. the main reason for this is that it has a high data troughput, 10Mbit/s and higher, and good EMI characteristics. As a protocol that might be used in real-time anvironments such as control systems for cars etc, it seems to fulfil the rquirements. TTEthernet is a TDMA extention to normal Ethnernet, designed to meet the hard deadlines required by real-time networks. This thesis describes how TTEthernet handles frames and the mathematical formulas to calculate shuffle delay of frames in such a network. Open problems related to TTEthernet are also discussed.

This research describes two invesitgations into temporal processing by dyslexics. Firstly, the accuracy and speed of response that dyslexic children and matched controls demonstrate on three types of time comparison task was explored. The participants were 96 boys and 24 girls, divided into three age bands: 7:0 - 7:11; 11:0 - 11:11 and 14:0 - 14:11 years of age of whom 60 were dyslexic and 60 non-dyslexic. Dyslexics in all age bads took longer and made fewer correct responses than non-dyslexics in time telling. Younger dyslexics were differentially disadvantaged when compared to older dyslexics in speed and correctness. Both groups showed improved accuracy and speed with age. The dyslexic cohort aged 14 years improved in accuracy from age 11, though with only marginal improvement in reaction time speed. Complex time perception proved most difficult for both groups. Reason for these differences are discussed with reference to limited sort-term memory problems affecting performance especially for dyslexics. The research substantiates particular theories of dyslexia and a new model helps to explain the process. Practical implications are suggested for parents, teachers and examiners concerned with dyslexic children. Secondly, the time management skills of dyslexic and non-dyslexic adults were examined for 43 dyslexic and 41 non-dyslexic particpants who answered an online questionnaire about their time management skills. The adult questionnaires revealed that dyslexics find time management, estimation, planning and sticking to a schedule particualrly difficult, resulting in task delay or incompletion, and heightened levels of stress as time pressures increase. Questions revealed lack of confidence in time management techniques amongst dyslexics. Many dyslexics had found these difficulties placed severe contraints on career choices, areas of employment and lifestyle. Possible reasons for these diffierenecs are discussed with an accompanying model that stresses the contraints caused by poor working memory.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1989.