Recovery from exhaustive exercise in the white muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was used to examine the role of the adenylates in the control of energy metabolism and to assess the validity of equilibrium models of the behaviour of the high energy phosphates. The difficulty of obtaining muscle samples from fish makes detailed analysis of the behaviour of the labile high energy phosphates complex. The use of a new sampling procedure, the infusion of a lethal dose of anaesthetic via an indwelling cannula, minimized this problem. At exhaustion [ATP] and [PCr] were depressed by 75 and 80% respectively relative to the resting values. [ATP] depletion was mirrored by a stoichiometric increase in [IMP]. During recovery [PCr] returned to the resting level within 2 hours, but [ATP] recovery was slow and not complete until 24 hours post exercise. In contrast, energy charge and RATP(the proportion of the free adenylate pool phosphorylated to ATP) were, if anything, higher than the resting values by 2 hours post exercise. Therefore, [ATP] and energy status can be dissociated in tissues like fish white muscle because of the action of the purine nucleotide cycle. At 2 hours post exercise the calculated free ADP concentration dropped to less than one tenth the value at rest. As a result the [ATP] / [ADP] free ratio increased by nearly 6 fold. This condition may be required for glycogen resynthesis from lactate in muscle. Several similar equilibrium models of the behaviour of the adenylates and PCr were applied to the fish white muscle system. In general, the models well describe the relationship between the high energy phosphates. However, the definition of the high energy phosphate pool introduces some complications since this includes the total [ATP]. Because of the action of AMP deaminase the [ATP] concentration can change without measurable changes in the energy status, which is not considered in any of the models. As long as the extent of IMP formation is known the models can be applied, but since the formation of IMP may vary from fish to fish or with exercise regime the models lose much of their predictive power. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Previously it was demonstrated that biliary excretion of a single dose of [14C]dieldrin or [3H]7, 12-dimethylbenz/alanthracene (DMBA) was stimulated up to 700% and 300%, respectively, in rainbow trout fed 0.3-0.4 mg dieldrin/kg/d for 9-12 wk. This was not explained by increased activities of hepatic microsomal xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes or increased amounts of any of six cytochrome P-450 isozymes quantitated by Western blots. It was hypothesized that stimulated excretion was explained by induction of (1) cytosolic binding proteins that facilitated intracellular trafficking of DMBA to sites of metabolism, or (2) ATP-dependent proteins that transport xenobiotic metabolites from liver to bile. Binding of 15 and 60 nmol [3H]DMBA/mg protein increased about 200% in hepatic cytosol from dieldrin-fed fish. A 50-fold molar excess of unlabeled DMBA reduced binding of 15 nmol [3H]DMBA/mg protein (nonspecific binding) by the same amount in cytosol from control and dieldrin-fed fish, indicating that dieldrin induced specific binding. Liver sections from control and dieldrin-fed fish were treated with multidrug resistance (MDR) protein monoclonal antibodies C494, C219, and JSB-1, and polyclonal antibody MDR Ab-1. There were no marked differences in optical densities of immunohistochemical staining near bile canaliculi of control and dieldrin-fed fish. Induction of xenobiotic binding capacity in cytosol of dieldrin-fed rainbow trout at least partially explained altered DMBA disposition in fish pretreated with this cyclodiene insecticide.