Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissMAC.pdf: 2706358 bytes, checksum: 3e701f115f72927096a96e8493b36d2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-08-12 / Lasting for 150 years of development and still playing the role of irretrievable, the tire, when turned into solid waste, becomes environmental concern. In Brazil, due to the considerable amount generated and the long-life of this solid waste, the disposal environmental risks reach large proportions, mainly in urban areas. For this reason, this is a subject which demands responsible management, along local governmental articulation, direct an indirect in charge subordinated by the rules of CONAMA nº 258 / 99 e 301 / 02, and ruled by Instrução Normativa nº 08/02, of IBAMA. As far as it may concern, this paper aims a critical investigation on operational procedures as well as on the technologies regarding tire solid waste management in the country, mainly under the legislation above-mentioned. The literature survey made possible the evaluation of procedures development on managing, by a diagnoses of present tire solid waste management in the country as much as its interfaces with environmental legislation. Also, it has supported the understanding of the level of involving and awareness of those in charge with the matter, and the present Technologies for minimizing the generated waste. This paper has been conceived to accomplish tire solid waste management regarding collecting strategies and good use in the ground of an interaction among the responsible segments. Its goal is the minimization of environmental impact and public health damage, which derive from improperly manipulation of solid waste in urban site, in order to appease future generations none of the problems that are faced nowadays. / O pneu, após mais de 150 anos de desenvolvimento e ainda com um papel insubstituível e fundamental na vida atual, quando se torna inservível constitui um passivo ambiental. No Brasil, em face da quantidade significativa gerada, e da durabilidade dos pneumáticos inservíveis, os problemas ambientais decorrentes de sua disposição final inadequada assumem grandes proporções, principalmente, no meio ambiente urbano, se tornando necessária à minimização desses resíduos sólidos especiais por meio de seu gerenciamento, com a articulação de ações da municipalidade e dos responsáveis diretos e indiretos identificados pelas Resoluções CONAMA nº 258 / 99 e 301 / 02, e pela Instrução Normativa nº 08/02, do IBAMA. Considerando esse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal, analisar, criticamente, os procedimentos operacionais e as tecnologias que vêem sendo adotados para o gerenciamento de pneumáticos inservíveis no território nacional, após a instituição das Resoluções CONAMA retro mencionadas. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada possibilitou avaliar a evolução dos procedimentos de manejo, diagnosticando a situação atual do gerenciamento desses resíduos sólidos especiais, no território nacional, as suas interfaces com as legislações ambientais em vigor, o grau de envolvimento e conscientização dos responsáveis indiretos, bem como as alternativas tecnológicas existentes para a minimização destes resíduos. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para o aprimoramento do gerenciamento de pneumáticos inservíveis com ênfase nas estratégias para coleta e aproveitamento destes resíduos e maior interação entre segmentos responsáveis. Dessa forma, os impactos ambientais e os problemas de saúde pública, decorrentes do manejo inadequado desses inservíveis no meio urbano poderão ser minimizados, possibilitando que não se transfira às futuras gerações problemas que, atualmente, são enfrentados.

Pricing of repair and maintenance (R&M) contracts is one among the most important processes carried out at Scania. Predictions of repair costs at Scania are carried out using experience-based prediction methods which do not involve statistical methods for the computation of average repair costs for contracts terminated in the recent past. This method is difficult to apply for a reference population of rigid Scania trucks. Hence, the purpose of this study is to perform suitable statistical modelling to predict repair costs of four variants of rigid Scania trucks. The study gathers repair data from multiple sources and performs feature selection using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to extract the most significant features that influence repair costs corresponding to each truck variant. The study proved to show that the inclusion of operational features as a factor could further influence the pricing of contracts. The hurdle Gamma model, which is widely used to handle zero inflations in Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), is used to train the data which consists of numerous zero and non-zero values. Due to the inherent hierarchical structure within the data expressed by individual chassis, a hierarchical hurdle Gamma model is also implemented. These two statistical models are found to perform much better than the experience-based prediction method. This evaluation is done using the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) statistics. A final model comparison is conducted using the AIC to draw conclusions based on the goodness of fit and predictive performance of the two statistical models. On assessing the models using these statistics, the hierarchical hurdle Gamma model was found to perform predictions the best