With increased demand for bandwidth-hungry applications such as video-on-demand, wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) has become a strong contender in overcoming the last mile bottle neck. However, the wide-scale deployment of WDM-PONs has been delayed mainly due to the high cost of wavelength-specific optical components. To realize cost-effective WDM-PONs, various wavelength-independent, so called colorless architectures, have been developed so that all the subscribers can have identical optical network units (ONUs). In such WDM-PONs, however, single-fiber bidirectional transmission results in degradation of system performance caused by interference between the signals and backreflections. This thesis investigates the impact of backreflections on single-fiber bidirectional WDM-PONs. A WDM-PON with various optical line terminals (OLTs) and colorless ONU configurations is presented. The dependence of the power penalty, caused by backreflections, on a variety of parameters is investigated. This includes parameters such as the source linewidths, receiver bandwidth, transmission line loss (TLL), ONU gain, chirp effect at the ONU and optical return loss (ORL), in various WDM-PON configurations. The WDM-PON with continuous wave (CW) seed light and remodulation schemes are both presented and studied experimentally. The impacts of the backreflections on the single-fiber bidirectional WDM-PON with various OLT and ONU configurations are compared and analyzed accordingly.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Committee Chair: Al-Khayyal, Faiz; Committee Member: Barnes, Earl; Committee Member: Johnson, Ellis; Committee Member: Karimi, IA; Committee Member: Sokol, Joel.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Professor Michael D. Meyer, Committee Member ; Professor Ozlem Ergun, Committee Chair ; Professor Ellis Johnson, Committee Member ; Professor George L. Nemhauser, Committee Member ; Professor H. Venkateswaran, Committee Member.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Darmstadt.

Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2009

With increased demand for bandwidth-hungry applications such as video-on-demand, wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) has become a strong contender in overcoming the last mile bottle neck. However, the wide-scale deployment of WDM-PONs has been delayed mainly due to the high cost of wavelength-specific optical components. To realize cost-effective WDM-PONs, various wavelength-independent, so called colorless architectures, have been developed so that all the subscribers can have identical optical network units (ONUs). In such WDM-PONs, however, single-fiber bidirectional transmission results in degradation of system performance caused by interference between the signals and backreflections. This thesis investigates the impact of backreflections on single-fiber bidirectional WDM-PONs. A WDM-PON with various optical line terminals (OLTs) and colorless ONU configurations is presented. The dependence of the power penalty, caused by backreflections, on a variety of parameters is investigated. This includes parameters such as the source linewidths, receiver bandwidth, transmission line loss (TLL), ONU gain, chirp effect at the ONU and optical return loss (ORL), in various WDM-PON configurations. The WDM-PON with continuous wave (CW) seed light and remodulation schemes are both presented and studied experimentally. The impacts of the backreflections on the single-fiber bidirectional WDM-PON with various OLT and ONU configurations are compared and analyzed accordingly.

The diploma thesis is aimed to apply the theoretical concept of optimum currency areas, i.e. probably the most comprehensive approach to analyze the suitability of establishing a currency area, to the real and currently difficulties solving environment of EMU states. The first, theoretical-methodological part shows the development of the OCA theory, as founded by Robert A. Mundell and expanded upon by further contributors and critics thereafter. This part focuses especially on defining the optimality criteria, which are then analyzed in the empirical-analytical section. In order to assess the level of optimality, which the euro area members have reached during the common currency existence period, concrete and empirical data are analyzed - data, showing the previous development of the selected indicators, describing the criteria fulfilling. In the final part of the thesis, the author considers the overall optimality rate of euro area and points out its consequences for the Czech Republic, as a candidate country. Furthermore, the entry-timing question is discussed as well, when finished by a two possible scenarios of our accession to EMU. In relation to this issue, the author also discusses the relevancy to assess the readiness for entering the euro area according to the parameters of Maastricht criteria.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate analytical approaches for estimating the optimum (profit maximizing) rate of initial overstory kill for increasing seasonal forage availability on a specific ranch. The models were developed using the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) - crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum) vegetation type on a Utah cow-calf-yearling operation as an example. The models should be applicable on any ranching situation where understory forage production is constrained by the establishment and growth of undesirable overstory vegetation. Three model forms were developed and compared for their applicability to on-the-ground investment decision making. Single treatment period (STP) static and dynamic models and a multiple treatment period (MTP) dyne.mic model were theoretically developed. Ee.ch model we.s formulated using e. biological production function relating under story production to ini tie.l kill percentage, e. cost of overstory kill function fore. specific overstory reduction method, and a derived demand function for seasonal forage availability. The production function was estimated in both static and dynamic forms for use in the different models. The remaining functions were used in the same form for a11 model applications. Results indicated that the STP static optimization model holds the most promise for an on-the-ground decision making tool at the present time. Data to estimate dynamic production functions over a variety of vegetation types and grazing management situations essentially do not exist. This deficiency makes the use of long-term dynamic models less feasible for current decisions. It does not, however, alleviate the need to recognize long-term biological and economic relationships in making such decisions. The STP static model indicated that for the example Utah ranch a target big sagebrush kill rate between 89 and 100 percent would be optimal depending on the derived demand and cost of kill functions used. Target kill rates other than the optimum would represent potentially significant opportunity costs to this particular operation. The optimal solution obtained by this method is expected to change depending on the situation being analyzed. The model must be applied on a specific ranch basis and was not designed to make general recommendations.