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L’odontogenèse est sous contrôle génétique strict et elle est contrôlée par des interactions épithelio-mésenchymateuses. Les anomalies bucco-dentaires sont un des signes cliniques des syndromes. Parmi 7000 syndromes connus 900 ont un phénotype oral. Ce travail combine l’étude de modèles animaux et la bioinformatique pour améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes étiopathogéniques impliqués dans le développement dentaire.Méthodes :(1)Sélection de gènes impliqués dans des syndromes dont l’expression n’est pas caractérisée ; (2)Identification de gènes candidats par analyse de leur expression crânio-faciale et dentaire (atlas de transcriptome EURExpress) ; (3)Sélection de gènes différenciellement exprimés entre molaires et incisives et entre molaires mandibulaires et maxillaires au stade E14.5 par analyse transcriptomique ; (4)Etude par microtomodensitométrie des malformations crânio-faciales et bucco-dentaires des souris Rsk2-/Y (modèle du syndrome de Coffin-Lowry). Résultats : (1)Patrons d’expression au cours du développement dentaire pour 13 gènes ; (2)Patrons d’expression pour 4 gènes (3)88 gènes différenciellement exprimés entre molaires mandibulaires et incisives et 53 entre molaires mandibulaires et maxillaires (4)Taille réduite des mutants, déviation nasale et présence de dents surnuméraires. Conclusion : Ce projet fédère des scientifiques et des cliniciens autour de la compréhension des anomalies bucco-dentaires afin de stimuler le diagnostic de ces troubles du développement en se basant sur des preuves scientifiques et de proposer de nouvelles options thérapeutiques. / Tooth development is under strict genetic control and is mediated by epithelio-mesenchymal interactions. Oro-dental anomalies are one aspect of the 7000 known syndromes and 900 of these have an oral phenotype. Our goal is to combine the study of animal models and bioinformatics to improve the understanding of etiopathogenic mechanisms involved in oral development. Methods: (1)Selection of known genes responsible for syndromes but for which the expression and/or roles are not characterised ; (2)Identification of new candidate genes, through an analysis of their craniofacial and dental expression patterns using the EURExpress mouse transcriptome-wide atlas ; (3)Selection of genes differentially expressed between molars and incisors and between mandibular and maxillary molars at E14.5 by transcriptomic analysis ; (4)Study of craniofacial and orodental malformations of Rsk2-/Y mice by microtomodensitometry (model of Coffin-Lowry syndrome) Results: (1)Expression pattern during odontogenesis for 13 genes ; (2)Expression pattern for 4 genes (3)88 gènes différentially expressed between molars and incisors and 53 between mandibular and maxillary molars (4)Smaller mutants, nasal deviation and supplementary teeth. Conclusion: This project federates scientists and clinicians around the understanding of orodental anomalies and should stimulate the implementation of science based evidence diagnosis and new therapeutic options.

L’objectif de ces travaux est de connaître et évaluer les caractéristiques épidémiologiques des cancers de la cavité orale et de l’oropharynx. Ces deux localisations partagent des facteurs de risque en commun, et sont de fait souvent regroupées dans les études épidémiologiques. Cependant, la découverte de facteurs de risque spécifiques, telle l’infection par le virus du papillome humain pour les cancers de l’oropharynx, nous conduit à fournir des taux d’incidence spécifiques avec la classification anatomique de ces cancers. En réorganisant les données disponibles dans la base des données du Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, nous avons recherché les cas incidents au niveau mondial et recalculé les taux d’incidence dans les registres de 60 pays, pendant la période 1998-2002. La classification TNM n’est pas disponible dans les bases de données du CIRC. Nous avons identifié et contacté les registres du cancer qui ont déclaré son recueil. Cela nous a permis de créer et structurer une base des données innovante et inédite, dont les informations ont été analysées par rapport à la qualité. Finalement nous avons comparé la distribution de stades précoces et avancés dans 8 pays. Les résultats montrent que l’incidence des cancers de la cavité buccale et de l’oropharynx est très hétérogène au niveau mondial par rapport à la sous localisation des tumeurs, à l’âge d’incidence, au ratio homme/femme et au stade clinique. / Oral cavity and oropharynx cancers : International incidence and TNM classification in population-based cancer registries The aim of this work was to know and to evaluate the epidemiological patterns of oral cavity and ororpharynx cancers. These topographies share some common risk factors and they are often grouped in epidemiological studies. However, the implication of the human papilloma virus in oropharyngeal tumors lead us to provide incidence rates according to the anatomical classification of these tumors. We reorganized the incidence data available at the International Agency for Research on Cancer, for the period 1998-2002. Incidence rates were calculated for oral cavity and oropharynx cancers separately for 60 countries. As the TNM classification is not available on the IARC database we contacted the cancer registries that declared to abstract and collect it. Based on their data we created and structure a new, innovative and quality controlled. Finally, we compared the TNM stage distribution among 8 countries. The results show that the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers have a very heterogeneous distribution in the studied registries concerning tumor sub-sites, age of incidence, male to female ratio and clinical stage.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-19T21:04:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Priscila Marinho.pdf: 1383745 bytes, checksum: 6b862d0e24aa8d87583921ea791aa1d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-05-16T14:03:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Priscila Marinho.pdf: 1383745 bytes, checksum: 6b862d0e24aa8d87583921ea791aa1d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T14:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Priscila Marinho.pdf: 1383745 bytes, checksum: 6b862d0e24aa8d87583921ea791aa1d4 (MD5) / CAPES / Biomarcadores de progressão tumoral são importantes na determinação do prognóstico e resposta ao tratamento em carcinoma de células escamosas da cavidade bucal. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência de infecção pelo HPV e a expressão de p16 como biomarcador de prognóstico em carcinoma de células escamosas da cavidade bucal. Dados clínico-patológicos e tecido tumoral de 90 indivíduos com carcinoma de células escamosas da cavidade bucal foram obtidos por entrevista e análise de prontuários. Detecção de HPV foi realizada à partir de amostras de tecido tumoral por PCR utilizando o conjunto de primers PGMY09/11. A seguir, as mesmas amostras foram submetidas à PCR com os primers MY09/11 e nested PCR com os primers GP5+/6+. Expressão de p16 foi detectada por imunohistoquímica. Análise estatística foi feita através de associação de variáveis, utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Sobrevida doença-específica (SDE) e sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) foram estimadas usando método de Kaplan-Meier. Comparação entre as curvas de sobrevida foram realizadas com o teste Log-Rank. Comparação entre status da infecção pelo HPV e expressão de p16 foram analisadas pelo teste Cox. Todos os testes com P ≤ 0.05 foram considerados significantes. A frequência de infecção pelo HPV na população estudada foi de 3,70% detectadas apenas com a nested PCR. Expressão de p16 foi observada em 21,87% das amostras analisadas. A SDE foi de 25,5 meses (95% IC = 20,03 - 31,00), enquanto a SLD foi de 30 meses (95% IC = 25,63 – 34,48). Maior SDE foi observada em indivíduos com tumores em estádio inicial (I-II) (P=0,001), tumores < 2cm (P=0,001), sem metástase em linfonodos regionais (P=0,006) e aqueles submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico (P<0,0001). Em conclusão, o status da infecção pelo HPV não mostrou-se um bom marcador de prognóstico e parece não ser determinante na tumorigênese em CCE da cavidade bucal, uma vez que apresentou baixa frequência de infecção. A expressão de p16 não foi um indicador determinante da presença de HPV nas amostras estudadas e um maior número de casos é necessário para avaliar sua aplicabilidade como marcador de prognóstico na população estudada. / Tumor progression biomarkers are important in determining prognosis and treatment response in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of HPV infection and p16 expression as a biomarker of prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Clinicopathological data and tumor tissue of 90 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were obtained by interview and review of medical records. HPV detection was performed starting from tumor tissue samples by PCR using the primer set PGMY09/11. Next, the same samples were subjected to PCR with primers MY09 / 11 primers and nested PCR with GP5+/6+ primers. P16 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using variable association, using the chi-square and Fisher exact test. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier. Comparison between the survival curves were performed using the log-rank test. Comparison status of HPV infection and p16 expression were analyzed by Cox test. All tests with P≤0,05 were considered significant. The frequency of HPV infection in this population was 3,70% detected only with nested PCR. p16 expression was observed in 21.87% of the analyzed samples. The DSS was 25.5 months (95% CI = 20.03 to 31.00), while the DFS was 30 months (95% CI = 25.63 to 34.48). Most DSS was observed in subjects with initial stage tumors (I-II) (P=0,001), tumor <2 cm (P=0,001), without regional lymph node metastasis (P=0,006) and those undergoing surgical treatment (P<0,0001). In conclusion, the status of HPV infection not proved to be a good prognostic marker and does not seem to be decisive in tumorigenesis in SCC of the oral cavity, since it showed low frequency of infection. The expression of p16 was not a key indicator of the presence of HPV in all samples and a greater number of cases it is necessary to evaluate its applicability as a prognostic marker in this population.

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