Graduation date: 1949

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi., 190 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: David B. Min, Dept. of Food Science and Nutrition. Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-190).

This study is the first detailed reconnaissance survey of the bathymetry, bedrock geology and the superficial sediments of the continental margin off the Orange River and the Namib Desert. The study area is bounded by latitudes 25° and 3o0 s. The Orange shelf is up to 100 km wide and 200 m deep, and the Walvis shelf off Lllderitz is up to 80 km wide and 400 m deep, the inner shelf is underlain by. Precambrian bedrock and is usually less than lOi km wide and shallower than 100 m. Tripp Seamount penetrate the upper slope in a depth of 1000 m and rises to within 150 m of sea level, the level of the Orange Banks on the outer orange shelf. South of the Orange River unfossiliferous ferruginous sandstones and mudstones crop out as seaward-dipping scarps on the middle shelf. North of the Orange River, similar scarps are composed of quartzose lime wackestones, identical to a Palaeogene suite on the Agulhas Bank. The shallow outer orange shelf is underlain in places by Upper Middle Miocene nummulitic _limestones, which are overlain by glauconitic conglomeratic phosphorites. Quartz-free algal limestones are found both on the Orange Banks and on the tip of Tripp Seamount. Authigenic pyrite and gypsum were found in two samples of semi-consolidated Neogene clay on the slope off Lüderitz. Pyrite is formed by combining teErigen-. ous adsorbed iron with sulphur released by anaerobic reduction of sea-water sulphate. The dissolution of planktonic foraminiferal tests provides calcium ions which combine with sulphate to form gypsum, once the calcium/sulphate solubility product is exceeded. On the Walvis shelf off LUderitz residual glauconite was reworked from older Neogene sediments, particularly on Lllderitz Bank. North of latitude 26°S residual phosphorite pellets were probably formed in Neogene diatomaceous oozes and then concentrated during a Late-Tertiary regression. Erosion of semi-consolidated .Neogene clays and ?Palaeogene quartzose' limestones. on ·the middle and outer Walvis shelf led to deposition of very fine residual quartz sand south of LUderitz. Coarse quartz ~and was reworked from littoral sandstones on the middle shelf south of the Orange River. The effect on sedimentation in the hinterland of poleward shifts of climatic belts during Quaternary interglacials and the reverse movement during glacials is assessed. Recent terrigenous sediments are derived by erosion of poorly consolidated Karoo sediments in the catchment of the Upper Orange. Erratic but powerful floods transport the sediments to the coast in suspension each summer. At the mouth in tense wave action dominates the submarine delta of the Orange River and fractionates the sediment load. Sand is transported equatorwards by littoral drift and is blown off beaches towards the Namib Sand Sea during violent Trade-Wind gales each sunnner. In contrast, silt and clay are transported polewards by a countercurrent, particularly during westerly winter storms. Recent biogenic sedimentation is controlled by upwelling in the B~nguela Current System, which is most intense off the wind dominated Sperrgebiet, south of LUderitz. Weaker upwelling off the Orange River allows oceanic planktonic foraminifera to penetrate to the middle shelf, whereas on the Walvis shelf in the study area they only reach the outer shelf. Towards latitude 25°s the Benguela Current System decays and interacts with poleward-flowing warm oxygen-poor water. Periodic mass mortalities of oxygen-starved phytoplankton lead to some of the most organic-rich sediments in the world.

Unpasteurized (condition A) and pasteurized (condition B) orange juice samples were stored frozen for eight months. In addition, pasteurized samples were also aseptically packaged and stored at +1°C in polyethylene bags (condition C). Nine quality parameters were monitored during the eight months of storage: sedimentation of the pulp, cloud measurement, aroma volatiles, ascorbic acid concentration, viscosity, density, colour, sugar content (sucrose, glucose and fructose), organic acids (malic and citric), in addition to sensory analysis. The optimum storage condition for freshly processed orange juice was the unpasteurized frozen storage method (condition A). The juice retained most of its chemical and physical properties and was rated by a sensory panel to have the highest sensory score.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

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Thesis--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.61-68).

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Separation between the South American and African plate’s occurred along the present day Atlantic margin during the Middle to Late Jurassic leading to the formation of a passive margin along the west coast of Southern Africa. The margin then later developed into the large Orange Basin flanking the west coasts of South Africa and Namibia. The Orange Basin on the west coast of South Africa covers an area of roughly 130 000 square kilometers relevant to the 200 m isobath and has roughly one well drilled for every 4000 square kilometers. The basin has proven hydrocarbon reserves and potential for further discoveries. The study area is located within South African exploration licencing blocks 3A/4A and 3B/4B and covers a region of roughly 97 km by 150 km. The study aims at understanding the geological processes responsible for the formation of the Orange Basin with a focus on the evolution of source rock maturity. The methodology involved utilizing the Petrel software for seismic interpretation and well correlation utilising twodimensional seismic data and all the relevant well data including geological well logs, petrophysical well logs, well top data, check-shot data, borehole temperature data and geochemical well data such as Rock Eval and vitrinite reflectance data. PetroMod (IES, Version 10) was utilized to simulate the Orange Basin evolution and the affect on source rock maturity. Seismic interpretation of the Post-Hauterivian succession shows a relative thickening of the sedimentary sequence westward as the basin evolves from the early drift to complete drift phase. Results from the petroleum system modeling indicate that the Barremian - Early Aptian source rock is at present overmature and producing mostly gas in the shelf areas whereas the potential for oil are most likely present in the deep water area of the basin where Tertiary progradation has resulted in renewed petroleum generation. Petroleum system modeling results indicate that the younger Cenomanian - Turonian source rock is less mature than the older Barremian - Early Aptian source rock as indicated by a lower transformation ratio and is mainly producing oil.