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abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of various types of alternative resources in organ building in order to determine whether a change to more sustainable materials would benefit or hinder the overall sound production of the instrument. The qualities of the metals and woods currently used in organ production (e.g. lead, walnut, etc.) have been prized for centuries, so the substitution of different, more sustainable materials must be considered with regards to the sonic alterations, as well as the financial implications, of using alternatives to make the organ more “green.” Five organ builders were interviewed regarding their views on sustainable materials. In addition, the author consulted the websites of nine national and four international organ builders for information about sustainability, indicating that each organ builder defines the term somewhat differently. Decisions on the woods and metals to be used in building or refurbishing an existing organ are based more on the visual appearance, the sound desired, and the potential for reuse of existing materials. A number of sustainability practices are currently in use by organ builders in the United States and Europe. These include the reuse of transportation boxes, efforts towards recycled metal and wood pipework, and the use of high efficiency lighting. The investigations into sustainable practice that are presented here document a variety of approaches to sustainability in organ building in the United States, Canada and Europe. This research should assist in the evaluation of further efforts to conserve valuable resources while ensuring the high quality of sound that has characterized the organ throughout its long history. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2014

La célèbre expansion de facteurs d’orgues d’origine vasque-navarraise vers le centre de la Péninsule Ibérique à partir de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle – qui va porter l’orgue ibérique de racine castillane à son zénith et dont la figure de proue fut le franciscain Joseph de Echevarría – s’est rayonnée en Galice grâce à l’activité du facteur d’orgues Manuel de la Viña. Il construisit deux orgues monumentaux revêtus de buffets jumeaux pour la cathédrale de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (1704-1712). Ces instruments ont institué le paradigme de symétrie visuelle et sonore inspirant la construction d’orgues doubles dans les principales cathédrales et temples prestigieux de la Galice. La construction des deux orgues visuellement identiques de la cathédrale de Braga (1737-1739), chef-d’œuvre du facteur d’orgues Simón de Fontanes, franciscain oblat de Compostelle, institue le principal foyer du rayonnement de l’activité de facteurs d’orgues d’origine galicienne au Portugal. Dans le cadre de la présente thèse, nous étudions l’activité des organiers liés au parcours ouvert par De la Viña, dans les deux côtés du fleuve Miño, ainsi que l’impact de leurs principales innovations esthétiques et techniques, notamment l'implémentation du concept de symétrie visuelle et sonore aboutissant à une véritable architecture sonore, et son influence au sujet de la musique. / The well-known expansion of organ makers from the Basque country and Navarra to the centre of the Iberian Peninsula in the second half of the 17th century – which would bring the Iberian organ of Castilian roots to its zenith and of which the main figure was the Franciscan friar Joseph de Echevarría – reached Galicia thanks to the activity of organ maker Manuel de la Viña. He built two monumental organs enclosed in identical cases for the Cathedral of Saint James of Compostela (1704-1712). These instruments established the paradigm of visual and sound symmetry which inspired the construction of double organs in the main cathedrals and other important churches in Galicia. The construction of two visually-identical organs for Braga Cathedral (1737-1739), the masterpiece of organ-builder Simón de Fontanes, also Franciscan friar oblate in Compostela, made it the principal point of departure for Galician organ-builders’ subsequent activity in Portugal. The present thesis studies the activity of organ-builders linked to the path opened by De la Viña on the two sides of the Miño river and the impact of its main aesthetic and technical innovations, especially with regard to the introduction of the concept of visual and sound symmetry leading to a true sound architecture and its influence on the music written for these instruments.