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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Oxytocin, en endogen neuropeptid med potential att minska mortaliteten vid sepsis? : En litteraturstudie / Oxytocin, an endogenous neuropeptide with the potential to reduce mortality in sepsis? : A literature study

Gustafsson, Evelina January 2021 (has links)
Sepsis is a relatively unknown, but common, condition with high mortality. Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an excessive immune response in the host as a result of an infection. Sepsis can be caused by many different pathogens, giving a varying symptomatic profile and arise via many different routes of exposure. The pathogenesis of sepsis is very complex and not yet fully understood, but hyperactivation of mainly the innate immune system with consequences such as complement activation, cytokine storm, secretion of reactive oxygen species and endothelial influence are considered central mechanisms that further lead to organ dysfunction with septic shock and possible death. The cause of infection in sepsis can often be treated with early-acting broad-spectrum antibiotics, but there is a lack of treatment for the host response and the hyperactivation of the immune system.  Oxytocin is an endogenous neuropeptide that acts on receptors throughout the body including the nervous system and in certain immune cells. Oxytocin has long been known for its role in childbirth and breastfeeding, where it is also used clinically, and for its importance in behavioral functions such as learning and bonding. Recent research has shown a broader effect of oxytocin such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance. These findings have opened up a new perspective on oxytocin and its potential uses, where treatment for sepsis-induced hyperactivation of the immune system is a suggestion.  The aim of this work is to evaluate, based on the published studies, whether exogenous oxytocin can be used therapeutically in sepsis to limit hyperactivation of the immune system and reduce the risk of organ dysfunction with septic shock and possible death.  The method used in the work is literature search via the database PubMed and further analysis and discussion of six preclinical research articles. All analyzed studies were sepsis induced in rodents, and oxytocin was administered as potential treatment.     The results showed exogenous administration of oxytocin in rodents had the effect of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory substance, tissue protective peptide and that via vagal cholinergic stimulation it can to some extent restore physical parameters affected by sepsis induction such as heart rate, heart rate variation and respiration. Oxytocin also had positive effects on the general condition in these preclinical studies. In conclusion, exogenous administration of oxytocin in sepsis seems to have beneficial effects that can reduce the hyperactivation of the immune system in sepsis and contribute to reduced mortality in the same. / Sepsis är en sjukdom som har skördat oändligt många liv historiskt och gör så än idag. Sjukdomens patofysiologi har två komponenter; infektion och överdrivet inflammatoriskt värdsvar vilket orsakar organdysfunktion. I dagsläget kan infektionen oftast behandlas med antibiotika men det saknas medicinsk behandling mot den inflammatoriska responsen. Världshälsoorganisationen gjorde 2017 sepsis till en global hälsoprioritet och betonade då att det behövs nya behandlingsalternativ. Oxytocin är en endogen neuropeptid med komplex verkan i kroppen. Forskningen har sedan länge bekräftat dess betydelse vid förlossning och amning där den också används kliniskt. På senare tid har forskningen börjat intressera sig för oxytocins övriga fysiologiska effekter. Studier visar på att oxytocin har egenskaper som kan påverka immunologiska reaktioner vilket skulle kunna vara av intresse vid behandling av sepsis. Syftet med detta arbete var att utifrån publicerade studier utvärdera om exogent oxytocin kan användas terapeutiskt vid sepsis för att begränsa hyperaktivering av immunförsvaret och reducera risken för organskador med septisk chock och eventuell död som följd. Metoden som användes i arbetet var litteratursökning via databasen PubMed och vidare analys och diskussion av sex prekliniska forskningsartiklar. Alla studier som analyserades använde exogen administrering av oxytocin i en gnagarmodell. Resultaten visade sammantaget att exogen administrering av oxytocin hos gnagare hade effekt som antioxidant, antiinflammatorisk substans, vävnadsskyddande peptid och att oxytocin till viss del kan återställa fysiska parametrar som påverkas av sepsisinduktion såsom hjärtfrekvensvariation, andning och temperatur. Arbetets slutsats blev att exogen administrering av oxytocin vid sepsis har positiva effekter som kan minska hyperaktivering av immunsystemet och bidra till minskad dödlighet vid densamma.

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