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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Activation of Organically-Bound Tritium by Tritiated Water in Soil

Shkarupin, Aliaksei 03 July 2019 (has links)
The fate of tritium in the environment is a target of interest in many studies. However reported concentrations of organically bound tritium (OBT) in soil are not well understood. In this study, a supplementary non-biological process of soil OBT activation in the environment was explored. The vicinity of SRB Technologies (Pembroke, Ontario) was chosen as the sampling location because of a significant airborne tritium release prior to 2001 which resulted in groundwater contamination. Soil cores were extracted from the ground near the tritium-releasing facility stack in 2017 and split into 10 cm subsamples for HTO/OBT, total carbon and hydrogen, particle size, thermogravimetric, radiocarbon and 3He mass spectrometry analyses. Observed HTO profiles revealed elevated tritium concentrations still retained in the soil. The results indicated that clay bound tritium masks the OBT signal and cannot be easily distinguished. Multiple short-term sample rinses with tritium-free water have little effect on clay bound water removal. Therefore, clay bound tritium should to be addressed in any future research related to soil OBT.
2

Tritium Mobility in the Environment Using Deuterium as an Analogue

DeHay-Turner, Brett January 2016 (has links)
Tritium is a radioisotope of hydrogen and a component of emissions from the nuclear industry. It is also a radioisotope of concern for human and environmental health. The near future could see an increase in tritium production as experimental fusion reactors initiate first plasma. The greatest risk pathway is human ingestion of edible plants grown near sites of tritium emissions as they can acquire high levels of organically bound tritium (OBT). Recent studies at a tritium Beta-light facility in Pembroke, Ontario, Canada characterized by tritiated hydrogen gas (HT) emissions have identified high OBT:HTO ratios that are not consistent with current tritium transfer models. This suggests that there is an unidentified physical, chemical, or biological mechanism generating OBT in plant tissue. Laboratory experiments have been undertaken using deuterium gas (D2) as an analogue for atmospheric HT in controlled plant exposure experiments, and compared the observations with short-term exposures at the SRBT facility. While the deuterium results did not uncover a hidden pathway or enrichment mechanism, the SRBT exposures showed elevated tissue free water tritium (TFWT) in stems and leaves in the presence of atmospheric HT, and lacking HTO in both soils and surrounding air. This study proposes that hydrogenase activity in microbial communities hosted within the laminar boundary layer on the leaf surface, are responsible for HT oxidation to HTO that contributes directly to leaf waters used in photosynthesis.
3

Analyse et spéciation du tritium dans des matrices environnementales / Analysis and spéciation of the tritium in environmental matrices

Bacchetta, Audrey 28 January 2014 (has links)
Cette étude s'inscrit dans le domaine de la surveillance de l'environnement. Elle consiste à optimiser et valider la procédure analytique de détermination du tritium sous forme organique, et à identifier les molécules organiques, porteuses de tritium, responsables de son transfert de l'environnement à l'homme. La démarche s'est organisée en trois temps. Une procédure analytique a d'abord été mise en place pour déterminer, la teneur en hydrogène des échantillons, élément clé, utilisée pour le calcul des activités de tritium organique. L'impact de la séparation des fractions de tritium organique (l'échange labile) sur la détermination de l'activité de la fraction représentative du niveau de tritium environnemental a ensuite été évalué. Pour cela, les quantités d'échantillon solubilisées ont été estimées. Enfin, la spéciation du tritium dans des échantillons environnementaux a été abordée. Pour cela, les familles de molécules, puis les composés organiques solubilisés lors des échanges labiles ont été identifiés. Les résultats montrent que la répartition du tritium dans les organismes dépend à la fois des propriétés de la liaison chimique dans laquelle il est impliqué et des propriétés des molécules organiques le portant. Les composés identifiés appartiennent aux familles de molécules constitutives (glucides, acides aminés) de la matière vivante. Il serait à présent intéressant d'étudier la répartition du tritium au sein d'un échantillon de l'environnement pour cibler les molécules d'intérêt et étudier de manière plus approfondie la distribution du tritium dans l'environnement et son impact, de l'environnement à l'homme. / This study deals with environmental monitoring. The main aims are (i) the optimisation of the analytical procedure for the tritium in organic form determination, and (ii) the identification of the tritium bearing molecules which are responsible for its transfer from the environment to man. The study was divided into three stages. First an analytical method was developed to determine hydrogen content of several samples, which is a key element to calculate accurate organically bound tritium activities. Secondly, the impact of the organically bound tritium fractions separation (labile exchange) for the determination of the representative fraction of the level of environmental tritium activity was then evaluated. For that, the amount of solubilised sample was estimated. Finally, the speciation of tritium in environmental samples was investigated. Several molecules classes and organic compounds dissolved in the labile exchanges solvent were identified. The results show that the distribution of tritium in organisms depends on both properties of the chemical bond in which it is involved and chemical properties of tritium bearing molecules. The identified compounds belong to the molecules classes such as carbohydrates or amino acids, constitutive of living organisms. It would now be of interest to study the tritium distribution in an environmental sample to target molecules of interest and study the impact of tritium from the environment to man.
4

Le tritium de l'écosystème à l'homme : Etude des mécanismes et des constantes qui régissent les équilibres et les différentes voies de transfert / Tritium from ecosystem to man : study of mechanisms and constants which drive equilibriums and ways of transfer

Le Goff, Pierre 11 December 2013 (has links)
Le tritium est l’isotope radioactif de l’hydrogène. Il est capable d’intégrer la plupart des moléculesbiologiques. Bien que sa radiotoxicité soit faible, les effets du tritium seraient augmentés s’il étaitcapable de se concentrer dans des compartiments critiques du vivant. Afin de mieux comprendre lacirculation du tritium dans l’environnement et mettre en évidence les constantes de transfert entrecompartiments, nous avons étudié la tritiation de différentes matrices agricoles exposéeschroniquement à du tritium. La première étape de notre démarche est la validation des techniquesmises en oeuvre dans la préparation des échantillons. Nous avons démontré la possibilité de stocker deséchantillons environnementaux à Valduc et avons mis en évidence différents biais liés à l’extraction del’eau. Des solutions ont été proposées. Une hypothèse est formulée sur l’origine physique du facteurde séparation isotopique original que nous avons mis en évidence lors de l’extraction de l’eau du lait.Dans l’étude environnementale, les mesures faites sur les végétaux confirment l’importance del’exposition atmosphérique dans la tritiation de la plante. L’absence de différence liée à l’espèce dansla tritiation de la matière sèche a été démontrée. La diversité des résultats obtenus sur la tritiation desdifférentes fractions de matrices végétales encouragent la poursuite de cette voie de recherche. Nousavons comparé la tritiation des principales fractions hydrogénées du lait, d’abord entre elles puis entreéchantillons afin de mettre en évidence les facteurs à l’origine des différences observées. Nous avonsainsi montré la très grande corrélation entre l’eau d’abreuvement et l’eau libre du lait ainsi qu’entre lesactivités tritium de la matière sèche du bol alimentaire et des fractions organiques du lait. Nous avonségalement mis en évidence l’importance des paramètres métaboliques dans l’excrétion du tritium dansle lait. La synthèse de ces résultats montre l’importance des effets de la dilution de l’hydrogène dansles compartiments considérés devant les mécanismes de discrimination isotopique, y compris au seind’une chaîne alimentaire exposée chroniquement dans son ensemble. / Tritium is the radioactive isotope of hydrogen. It can be integrated in most of the biological molecules.Even if its radiotoxicity is weak, effects of tritium could be increased if it can concentrate in somecritical compartments of beings. In order to better understand the tritium circulation in the environment and highlight constants of transfer between compartments, we have studied the tritiationof different agricultural matrices chronically exposed to tritium. The first step of our study is thevalidation of the different techniques used to prepare our sample. We have also demonstrated that itwas possible to store environmental samples in the Valduc centre and have underlined some biasesdue to the extraction of free water. Some ways of improvements are proposed. A hypothesis has alsobeen formulated on the origin of an original isotopic fractionation effect during the extraction of the free water of milk. In the environmental study, the specific activities measured on plants confirm the importance of the atmospheric exposure on their tritiation. No difference in the tritiation has beenmeasured between wheat, barley and colza. Some differences have been measured in the tritiation ofsome organic components of vegetal matrices. These results underline the interest of continuing thiskind of study. We have also compared the tritiation of the main hydrogenated components of milk,first, component to component, then, sample to sample. Some origins of the measured differences havebeen shown. We have demonstrated the correlation between the specific activities of drinking waterand the free water of milk as between the tritiations of dry matter of cattle’s food and of the mainorganic components of milk. Our results show also the importance of the metabolism on thedistribution of tritium in the different compartments. The overall synthesis of our results show the importance of the dilution of hydrogen in the considered environmental compartments, above theisotopic effects, even in a food chain chronically exposed to tritium.

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