Information system introduction is an organizational learning process, in which organizational members learn how to introduce information system into an enterprise. While learning, however, individuals always act defensively ¡XModel I theories-in-use, and the defensive behaviors usually bring counterproductive or unintended consequences or limited learning (Argyris, 1978, 1985, 1990, 1999). Similarly, in the process of introducing information system, the organizational members' defensive behaviors will make information system cannot completely meet the business needs or cause schedule delay. In this research, we conduct a case study to explore the defensive phenomenon during the process of introducing information system. Based on theories of action and literature about organizational defense (Salaway, 1984, 1987; Wastell, 1999; Henfridsson & Soderholm, 2000), we investigate the defensive phenomenon and generalized it into ten stories. The analyzing results show that users, MIS staff, and top managers all have defensive behaviors in introducing information system and thus cause negative effect. Therefore, this research suggests the organizational members move from Model I to Model II orientation and practice to introduce information system more effectively.

Introducing an information system is an organizational learning process, during the process of development an information system , organizational members learn how to introduce information technology into an enterprise. While learning, however, most of individuals always act defensively without any awareness, when solving their problems. For the purpose of Organizational learning, these defensive behaviors will bring counterproductive or unintended consequences or limited learning, and result in the information system which cannot completely meet the business needs or cause project¡¦s schedule delay. In this research, we use the process research model methodology which developed by D. Robey and M. Newman in 1992 year and 1996 year, identify the 16 sequences event process in the case of healthcare information project of E hospital, and define them as either encounters or episodes. From the view of organizational defense, we analyze these events base on the theories of defense mechanism from Argyris and documents about organizational defense from information management. The analyzing results show that there indeed exist many defensive behaviors during the development of project of E hospital, and thus cause negative effect. This research offers these defensive phenomenon for the CIO and project managers to take precaution against same mistake while implementing information project, and help organizational members learning effectively while introducing an information system, in order to reduce risk of project failure and improve control of information project¡¦s cost, quality and schedule.