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Estudos sintéticos visando à preparação da caramboxina, um alfa-aminoácido com potencial atividade biológica / Synthetic studies aimed at preparation of caramboxina, an alpha-amino acid with potential biological activity.Bozzini, Leandro Alves 12 June 2015 (has links)
Em 2005, Carolino e colaboradores isolaram uma fração neurotóxida de Averrhoa carambola (carambola) que foi capaz de apresentar sintomas em ratos e camundongos e foi chamada de AcTx. Acredita-se que o aminoácido denominado caramboxina esteja presente nesta fração e seja o metabólito secundário responsável por envenenamento pela ingestão da fruta em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica. Apesar da estrutura da caramboxina ter sido elucidada por análises espectrométricas, a síntese deste composto visando caracterização estrutural e análise biológica ainda não havia sido realizada. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a síntese total da caramboxina visando sua caracterização estrutural e análise biológica dos compostos obtidos. Quatro rotas foram propostas, três das quais fizeram uso de reagentes organometálicos. Aquela que não fez uso de reagentes organometálicos foi a que se mostrou mais eficiente. / In 2005, Carolino and co-workers isolated a neurotoxic fraction of Averrhoa carambola (star fruit) that was able to cause seizures in rats and mice and was named AcTx. It is believed that the amino acid caramboxine, present in this fraction, is one of the secondary metabolites responsible for poisoning by fruit intake by patients with chronic renal failure. Despite its structure has been elucidated by spectrometric analysis, the synthesis of this compound aiming structural characterization and biological evaluation has not been still accomplished. Thus, the objective of this project was the total synthesis of caramboxina aiming their structural characterization and biological testing of the compounds obtained. Four routes have been proposed and investigated, three of them using organometallic reagents. The route that didn\'t use organometallic intermediates appeared to be the most efficient.
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Reatividade e dissociação de ions organicos, organometalicos e metalo-organicos por espectrometria de massas / Reactivity and dissociation of organic ions and organometallics compounds by mass spectrometryTomazela, Daniela Maria 14 December 2004 (has links)
Orientadors: Marcos Nogueira Eberlin / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T03:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Os dois primeiros capítulos desta tese foram desenvolvidos em um espectrômetro de massas pentaquadrupolar. No capítulo 1 foi proposto uma definição mais extendida para os íons distônicos: "íons distônicos são aqueles que apresentam alto grau de separação dos sítios de carga e spin". Escolheu-se o composto 2-metileno-1,3-dioxolano, que pela definição corrente é considerado um íon clássico, para estudos de reações íon-molécula diagnósticas de classes para íons distônicos. Os resultados experimentais e corroboraram a natureza distônica do íon em estudo como previsto através de cálculos teóricos. O capítulo 2 mostra estudos da reatividade intrínseca em fase gasosa de íons N-acilimínios cíclicos com viniloxitrimetilsilano em reações do tipo Manich. Os íons N-acilimínios com grupos carbonil endocíclicos reagem via uma interessante reação em tandem. Os produtos iônicos foram estruturalmente caracterizados por espectrometria de massas de triplo estágio. Cálculos Becke3LYP/6-311G(d,p) corroboraram o mecanismo proposto. Os capítulos 3 e 4 foram desenvolvidos em um espectrômetro de massas híbrido com geometria QqTof. O capítulo 3 descreve a caracterização de porfirinas supramoleculares obtidas através da coordenação de cátion[Ru(bipy)2Cl] ao átomo de nitrogênio das séries meta e para dos isômeros meso-fenilpiridil porfirinas por ESI-MS e ESI-MS/MS. Os dados de MS e MS/MS se mostraram consistentes com as estruturas propostas e indicaram que a ligação Ru-N(pyP) é a mais fraca e por isso, a mais suscetível a dissociações. O Capítulo 4 descreve a identificação por ESI(+)-MS e ESI(+)-MS/MS de séries de paladaciclos, sendo elas, dímeros neutros de cloro, compostos do tipo pinça e também, paladaciclos monoméricos. O objetivo principal foi o estudo das espécies de paladaciclos que podem ser formadas em solução, considerando que a maioria das aplicações para estes compostos envolvem sua dissolução em solventes orgânicos. O estudo de soluções de acetonitrila destes compostos revelou que é possível a formação de vários derivados iônicos de paladaciclos em solução. No capítulo 5 vários complexos catiônicos do tipo [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(py)2(L')] contendo dois ligantes piridina (ligante de referência) e outro ligante L' ao centro metálico catiônico [Ru3O] foram transferidos intactos para a fase gasosa com o auxílio da ionização por electropray a partir de soluções metanólicas dos sais destas espécies. Através da seleção de massas destes complexos gasosos e pode-se medir a força relativa das ligações metal-ligante pela primeria vez para este tipo de composto / Abstract: The first and second parts of this theses are based on experiments carried out on a pentaquadrupole mass spectrometer. In the first part is proposed a revised and more general definition for distonic ions: "distonic ions should be those displaying high degree of actual charge and spin separation". We choose the ionized compound 2-methylene 1,3-dioxolane to be submitted on some ion-molecule reations that have been used as diagnostic for distonic ion. These results experimentally corroborate the distonic ion nature of this ion as predicted by the theoretical calculations. In the second part is shown the intrinsic gas-phase reactivity of cyclic N-acyliminium ions in Mannish-type reactions with the parent enol silane (vinyloxytrimethylsilane). N-acyliminium ions with endocyclic carbonyl groups locked in s-trans forms participate in an interesting tandem N-acyliminium ion reaction. Product ions were isolated by mass-selection, and structurally characterized by triple-stage mass spectrometric experiments. Becke3LYP/6-311G(d,p) calculations corroborate the proposed reaction mechanisms. The third and fourth parts were carried out on a Q-Tof mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization. The third part is on the caracterization of supermolecular porphyrin species obtained by the coordination of [Ru(bipy)2Cl]+ cations to the pyridyl N-atoms of the meta and para series of isomers of meso-(phenylpyridyl) porphyrins by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. All MS and MS/MS data are fully consistent with the proposed structures showing that the Ru-N(pyP) bond is the weakest bond and the most susceptible to dissociation. The fourth chapter is on the identification of a series of neutral chloro dimers, pincer type, and monomeric palladacycles by ESI(+)-MS and ESI(+)-MS/MS. In most of the applications that involves the use of palladacycles dissolved in organic solvents is often assumed that the neutral nature of the halogen dimers or pincer type structures is usually maintained. The investigations of its acetonitrile solution revealed several of their derived ionic species. In the last part variety of [Ru3O(CH3COO)6(py)2(L')] cationic complexes with three mixed ligands rather loosely bonded via the ruthenium atoms to a central, entirely symmetrical tridentaded and spherical Ru3O-cation and with two pyridines as "anchor" reference ligands have been synthesized and transferred intact and efficiently from methanol solutions to the gas phase environment of a mass spectrometer by soft electrospray ionization (ESI). Using these gaseous and isolated (by mass-selection) complexes, the relative strengths of ligand-metal binding of organometallic complexes have been, for the first time, measured. / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências
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Sulfonamide supported catalysts for the ring opening polymerisation of cyclic estersSchwarz, Andrew Douglas January 2010 (has links)
This Thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of sulfonamide supported titanium, zirconium and aluminium complexes and their use as ring opening polymerisation catalysts for ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. Chapter 1 introduces polyester use, development and characterisation in general. Metal catalysed ring opening polymerisation of cyclic esters is considered in a literature review of the field. Titanium, zirconium and aluminium complexes supported by polydentate sulfonamide ligands are also discussed. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterisation of new sulfonamide supported titanium amide, isopropoxide and zirconium isopropoxide complexes. Their application as catalysts for the ring opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide is discussed and compared with known zirconium isopropoxide complexes supported by bis(phenolate) amine ligands. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterisation of Cs symmetric titanium amide and alkoxide complexes supported by dianionic, tri- and tetradentate sulfonamide ligands. Zirconium alkyl and amide complexes supported by C3- symmetric trianionic ‘tren’ type ligands bearing three different sulfonamide groups are also presented. The application of these complexes for the ring opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide is described and compared with the complexes presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the synthesis and characterisation of aluminium alkoxide and alkyl complexes supported by dianionic, tri- and tetradentate sulfonamide ligands. Solution state behaviour and solid state structures are presented and discussed. An assessment of these complexes for the ring opening polymerisation of rac-lactide is presented. Chapter 5 presents full experimental procedures and characterisation data for the new complexes reported. CD Appendix contains .cif files for all new crystallographically characterised complexes described, and additional polymerisation graphs.
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