Le Commentaire sur Jean d’Origène (v. 185- v. 254) est une œuvre exégétique de grande envergure, peut-être le chef-d’œuvre de cet auteur prolifique de langue grecque, qui fit de la Bible la matière de son œuvre aussi bien par son travail d’exégèse que par ses recherches sur l’édition du texte. Il constitue aussi le premier commentaire sur l’Evangile de Jean que nous possédions. Pourtant, il a surtout fait l’objet d’études partielles, d’ordre thématique ou théologique. Le présent travail aborde cette œuvre dans son ensemble sous un angle littéraire, en adoptant un type de lecture particulier, au plus près du texte, afin de déterminer quels sont les moyens stylistiques et littéraires mis en œuvre par l’auteur dans la construction de l’exégèse. Pour cela, il analyse la manière dont l’exégète applique dans le détail le principe herméneutique ancien qui consiste à « expliquer l’Ecriture par l’Ecriture ». Ainsi, après avoir présenté les particularités de ce commentaire, il s’intéresse aux procédés d’écriture mis en œuvre avant de mener une réflexion sur la structure de l’exégèse. Il met alors en lumière la façon dont le commentaire s’efface paradoxalement devant le texte commenté. En effet, l’auteur s’efforce constamment d’imiter la forme et le langage de ce dernier et en outre, il conçoit moins son travail comme l’élaboration d’une œuvre à part entière que comme la « cueillette » et la mise en relation de différents éléments bibliques, à la manière d’un « herboriste des Ecritures ». La méthode d’exégèse rencontre ainsi un écho inattendu dans la méthode critique employée par l’auteur dans son édition du texte biblique. / The Commentary on John of Origen (c. 185-c. 254) is an important exegetical work, maybe the chef-d’œuvre of this prolific Greek-speaking author who regarded the Bible as the foundation of his works, both in his exegetical commentaries and in his critical edition of the text. This work is also the first commentary on the Gospel of John that has survived to this day. Yet, there are only partial studies about it whether thematic or theological. The present work deals with this commentary as a whole from a literary point of view. Reading the text closely and with a particular approach, it defines the stylistic and literary devices with which the author builds up his interpretation. In this perspective, it analyses how the exeget puts into practice the ancient hermeneutical principle that consists in “explaining Scripture by Scripture”.Thus after presenting the commentary itself and his features, it describes the different elements of the writing process, and then offers some comments about the structure of the exegesis. It highlights the fact that the commentary paradoxically gives way to the biblical text itself. Indeed, the author constantly tries to imit the form and the language of the text he comments, and his own task seems to consist less in building a new work than in “picking” and making the connection between different biblical elements, like a “herbalist of Scripture”. Surprisingly then, the author uses a similar method in commenting the Bible and in editing its text.

L’elaborato analizza la ricezione del pensiero di Origene di Alessandria (c. 184-c.253) nell’opera del teologo arminiano Jean Le Clerc (1657-1736), soffermandosi in particolare sulla concezione origeniana della libertà e sulle questioni che vi sono annesse. Tale analisi consente anche di chiarire alcune pratiche argomentative e dinamiche intellettuali, soprattutto riguardanti i dibattiti religiosi ed interconfessionali, nella seconda metà del XVII secolo. L’elaborato è diviso in tre sezioni. La prima, di carattere introduttivo, mira ad indagare le premesse epistemologiche di Le Clerc, nonché la sua relazione con le auctoritates religiose ed intellettuali del passato. La seconda sezione prende in esame le citazioni dirette di Origene presenti nella vasta produzione di Le Clerc, come pure i suoi rimandi all’opera dell’Alessandrino e al suo pensiero, consentendo in questo modo di delineare un quadro preciso dell’Origene letto e reinterpretato da Le Clerc. La terza sezione restringe infine il campo d’indagine allo sguardo che Le Clerc porta sulla dimensione più propriamente teologica di Origene ed in particolar modo su quel nodo di concetti che ruota attorno al tema della libertà umana (peccato originale, grazia e predestinazione, il problema del male). Questo studio mostra come, malgrado l’indubbia, e talvolta malcelata, simpatia per Origene, Le Clerc non possa essere definito tout court un ‘origenista’, dal momento che la sua visione epistemologica, scritturale e teologica lo distanzia da una acritica e piena adesione al pensiero dell’Alessandrino. / The present thesis analyses the reception of the thought of Origen of Alexandria (c. 184-c. 253) in Jean Le Clerc (1657-1736). Its particular focus is on Origen's conception of freedom and the theological doctrines related to it. The goal of this thesis is to uncover, through Le Clerc's use of Origen, some of the argumentative practices and the intellectual dynamics of the time, in particular in religious, especially inter-confessional, debates. This thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part has mainly an introductory character and looks at the epistemological assumptions of Le Clerc and his relationship with intellectual and religious authorities of the past. The second part reviews the various ways in which Le Clerc quoted, referred to or otherwise made use of the thought or the name of Origen in his vast production. This part provides a first result in that it frames, in general, Le Clerc's reception of Origen. This step is, at the same time, also preparatory for the material contained in part three. In the third part, only the material is considered which is strictly related to Origen's idea of freedom and the related theological doctrines of original sin, grace/predestination, and the problem of evil. The result of this analysis, as it appears form the examination of argumentative practices in the previous sections, is that Le Clerc was no simple "Origenist" but neither was he was fully uncommitted to the Origenian cause. A full commitment to Origen, despite this strong sympathy, was still hindered by Le Clerc's epistemological, scriptural and theological outlook.