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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Chronostratigraphy and Paleontology of the Mid-Cretaceous Wayan Formation of Eastern Idaho, with a Description of the First Oryctodromeus Specimens from Idaho

Krumenacker, Laurel J. 05 August 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The mid-Cretaceous Wayan Formation of Idaho consists of floodplain-deposited siltstones and mudstones, with subordinate fluvial sandstones and conglomerates. Deposition occurred in a tectonic foredeep at the toe of the Sevier thrust complex. Measurement of two incomplete and one complete section indicates a thickness of roughly 1,344 meters in the study area. No laterally extensive marker beds are present but the lower Wayan contains distinct chert pebble conglomerates, and the middle Wayan may contain a higher relative abundance of fluvial sandstone. Known fossil localities are limited to the lower and middle portions of the formation. The Wayan Formation, as currently defined, has a flora consisting of the ferns Gleichenia and Anemia, conifers, and angiosperms. This flora compares best with the Cenomanian aged Dakota Sandstone flora of Westwater, Utah. The vertebrate fauna is overwhelmingly dominated by the small burrowing ornithopod Oryctodromeus with other vertebrates being rare, consisting of a small dromaeosaurid theropod, iguanodontid grade ornithopods, and a large crocodilian similar to Deinosuchus. The fauna is most similar to the Cenomanian Blackleaf Formation of Montana. Prior to this report, only fragmentary dinosaurian remains had been reported from Idaho. The recovery of 10+ individuals of Oryctodromeus, some reasonably complete and partially articulated, provide significant insights into this genus, including an elongate femoral head projecting at roughly 40° from the femoral shaft, elongate cervical and dorsal centra, and abundant ossified tendons in the dorsal and caudal columns. Taphonomic evidence supports previous suggestions of adult/juvenile social groups and burrowing behavior in this taxon. New detrital zircon U-Pb dates and palynological analyses support a latest Albian to Cenomanian age for the Wayan Formation, but provide little additional age resolution. The tightest age resolution is provided by faunal correlation using Oryctodromeus, a taxon previously known only from the Cenomanian-age Blackleaf Formation of southwestern Montana. Similar tectonic settings, ages, lithologies, and the presence of Oryctodromeus in both faunas suggest synonymy of the Wayan and Blackleaf Formation, with the Wayan having precedence.
2

Structure générale et évolution du cerveau chez les dinosaures ornithischiens / General structure and evolution of the brain in ornithischian dinosaurs

Lauters, Pascaline 08 November 2013 (has links)
Parmi les dinosaures, le clade des Ornithopodes est l’un de ceux qui a rencontré le plus de succès. Apparus au Jurassique supérieur, le groupe s’est dispersé et diversifié jusqu’à sa disparition à la fin du Crétacé. Je me suis attachée à étudier le cerveau des Ornithopodes d’Europe et d’Asie, à établir des comparaisons avec les autres archosaures et de nouveaux arbres phylogénétiques incluant des caractères issus de l’endocrâne. Pour ce faire, des moulages et des reconstitutions à partir de données CT-scan ont été réalisées pour étudier la cavité endocrânienne de divers membres de ce groupe. J’ai réalisé des moulages endocrâniens en silicone de 3 taxons et les reconstructions à partir de données CT-scan de 3 autres taxons de Dinosaures Ornithopodes. Une collection unique d’endocrânes de crocodiles et d’oiseaux récents étend les possibilités de comparaison. Certains endocrânes des taxons fossiles ont confirmé les caractéristiques décrites précédemment dans la littérature, tandis que de nouveaux éléments sont apparus. Les endocrânes n’ont en effet pas seulement livré la morphologie du cerveau, mais aussi des valleculae, le détail des nerfs crâniens et de la glande pituitaire. J’ai ainsi pu étendre la présence de valleculae, qui est un indice fort en faveur d’un télencéphale développé, chez un nouvel Hadrosauroidea, alors que cela n’était connu que chez les Hadrosauridae et les membres dérivés de deux autres groupes (Theropoda et Pachycephalosauria). Le cerveau des Ornithopodes dérivés était caractérisé par des hémisphères cérébraux très larges et de forme arrondie. Les flexions crâniale et pontine sont inexistantes, à l’opposé de ce qui est observé chez les Saurischiens. Les pédoncules olfactifs étaient larges. J’ai également fourni de nouveaux exemples de l’influence de la taille de la glande pituitaire sur la taille totale de l’individu. Le cerveau des Ornithopodes a subi des changements au cours de leur évolution :le plus marquant est l’augmentation du volume des hémisphères cérébraux par rapport au reste du cerveau. J’émets l’hypothèse que cette augmentation résulte de la complexification des comportements chez les Ornithopodes.<p>Une nouvelle phylogénie a été établie, bénéficiant de l’apport de nouveaux caractères basés sur l’endocrâne. Elle apporte des éléments de réflexion intéressants quant à la position de plusieurs taxons d’Iguanodontia basaux. La résolution est cependant faible et d’autres études devront être menées dans le futur. Les relations de parenté ne sont pas stables et de faibles changements entraînent des différences notables dans les résultats des analyses phylogénétiques./Among the Dinosauria, Ornithopoda were one of the most successful clade. Since the Late Jurassic, they spread and diversified until the end of the Cretaceous. I studied the brain of Ornithopoda from Europe and Asia, established comparisons with other archosaurs and new phylogenetic analyses including endocranial characters. In order to do this, I made silicone endocasts of 3 taxa and virtual reconstructions from CT-scan dataset of 3 other taxa of ornithopod dinosaurs. A collection of extant crocodiles and birds allows more points of comparison. Some endocasts made on the fossil specimens confirmed previously described characteristics, while new ones were brought to our attention. The endocasts opened up not only the morphology of the brain, but also the anatomy of the cranial nerves, the pituitary gland and the presence of valleculae. This last element, evidence of a developped telencephalon, has been established in a new Hadrosauroidea species as his oldest occurrence. The brain of more derived Ornithopods was characterized by very large cerebral hemispheres. The pontine and cranial flexures disappeared, to the contrary to what is observed in Saurischians. The olfactory peduncles were large. New evidences about the correlation between the size of the pituitary gland and the size of the individual. The Ornithopod’s brain changed throughout their evolution :the most striking is the increase of the cerebral hemispheres. The complexity of behaviors exhibited by Ornithopods is suggested as the trigger of the increase of the size of the cerebral hemispheres.<p>A new phylogenetic analysis was established, including new characters from the endocranial cavity. It brings interesting perspectives about the position of several basal Iguanodontia. Unfortunately the resolution is weak and new studies will be needed. The relationships are not stable and small changes lead to instabilities in the result of the phylogenetic analysis. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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