Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1999. / Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 21, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M. Sc. Med.)--University of Sydney, 2001. / Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine to the Dept. of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

M.Tech.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-170) Also available in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2004. / Title from document title page (viewed January 7, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 71p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-70).

Thesis (doctoral)--Göttingen, 1933.

Thesis (doctoral)--Göttingen, 1933.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade elétrica dos músculos da mímica de pacientes com dor muscular mastigatória utilizando eletromiografia de superfície. Foram avaliadas 15 mulheres com dor muscular mastigatória (idade média de 33.4, variando de 22-44), grupo de estudo (GMM) e 21 mulheres (idade média de 28.5, variando de 21-45), do grupo controle (GC) Foram realizadas avaliação clínica fonoaudiológica e eletromiográfica (eletromiógrafo ADS 1200, da Lynx Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda, eletrodos de disco de prata, descartáveis, gel condutor, auto-adesivos com 10mm de diâmetro por HAL Ind. e Com. LTDA) dos músculos: orbicular dos lábios, bucinador, supra-hióideos e masseter em repouso e nos movimentos: protrusão dos lábios, apertamento dos lábios, inflar bochechas, sorriso fechado e sorriso aberto. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos: os valores da eletromiografia de repouso foram inferiores para o músculo masseter direito (p=0.012) e esquerdo (p=0.019); nos movimentos, os valores eletromiográficos foram superiores no grupo controle durante os movimentos: protrusão dos lábios bucinador esquerdo (p=0.005); suprahióideo esquerdo (p=0.011); apertamento dos lábios bucinador esquerdo (p=0.005); bucinador direito (p=0.007); supra-hióideo esquerdo (p=0.046); supra-hióideo direito (p=0.039); orbicular superior (p=0.042); inflar as bochechas masseter esquerdo (p=0.021); bucinador esquerdo (p=0.007); bucinador direito (p=0.002); orbicular superior (p=0.039); sorriso fechado masseter esquerdo (p=0.004); masseter direito (p=0.019); bucinador esquerdo (p=0.013); supra-hióideo esquerdo (p=0.046) e no sorriso aberto masseter esquerdo (p=0.030). Desta forma, o músculo de maior atividade eletromiográfica foi o orbicular da boca. No repouso, os valores foram inferiores para o masseter e superiores para os demais músculos e nos movimentos, os valores foram superiores em todos os músculos para o grupo de estudo / The objective this study is assess the electric activity of mimic muscles in patients with masticatory muscle pain using surface electromyography (EMG). Was evaluated 15 women with masticatory muscle pain (mean age 33.4, ranging between 22 44 years old), study group (GMM) and 21 women (mean age 28.5, ranging between 21 45 years old), control group (CG). Clinical phonoaudiological and electromyographic assessments were performed (electromyograph ADS 1200 of Lynx Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda, 10mm disposable pregelled self-adhesive silver disk electrodes of HAL Ind. e Com. LTDA) in the muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, suprahyoid and masseter, both at rest and in movement: lip protrusion, lip contraction, cheek inflation, close smile and open smile. There was significant difference between the groups: the values of the electromyography at rest were lower for the right and left masseter muscle (p=0.012 and p=0.019, respectively); in movement, the eletromyographic values were higher in the group control during movement: lip protrusion right buccinator (p=0.005); left suprahyoid (p=0.011); lip contraction left buccinator (p=0.005); right buccinator (p=0.007); left suprahyoid (p=0.046); right suprahyoid (p=0.039); orbicularis oris (p=0.042); cheek inflation left masseter (p=0.021); left buccinator (p=0.007); right buccinator (p=0.002); orbicularis oris (p=0.039); closed smile left masseter (p=0.004); right masseter (p=0.019); left buccinator (p=0.013); left suprahyoid (p=0.046); open smile left masseter (p=0.030). Thus, the orbicularis oris muscle presented the highest EMG activity. At rest, the values were lower for the masseter and higher for the other muscles and, in movement, the values were higher for all the muscles in the study group

Neuropathic pain is defined as "pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system". In contrast to physiological pain that warns of noxious stimuli likely to result in tissue damage, neuropathic pain serves no protective function. Examples of neuropathic pain states include postherpetic neuralgia (shingles) and phantom limb / stump pain. This pain state also exists in the orofacial region, with the possibility of several variants including atypical odontalgia and burning mouth syndrome. There is a paucity of information on the prevalence of neuropathic pain in the orofacial region. One study assessed patients following endodontic treatment and found that approximately 3 to 6percent of patients reported persistent pain. Patients predisposed to the condition atypical odontalgia (phantom tooth pain) include those suffering from recurrent cluster or migraine headaches. Biochemical and neurobiological processes leading to a neuropathic pain state are complex and involve peripheral sensitisation, and neuronal plasticity of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Subsequent associated pathophysiology includes regional muscle spasm, sympathetic hyperfunction, and centralisation of pain. The relevant clinical features of neuropathic pain are: (i) precipitating factors such as trauma or disease (infection), (ii) pain that is frequently described as having burning, paroxysmal, and lancinating or sharp qualities, and (iii) physical examination may indicate hyperalgesia, allodynia and sympathetic hyperfunction. The typical patient complains of persistent, severe pain, yet there are no clearly identifiable clinical or radiographic abnormalities. Often, due to the chronicity of the problem, afflicted patients exhibit significant distress and are poor pain historians, thus complicating the clinician's task of obtaining a detailed and relevant clinical and psychosocial history. An appropriate analgetic blockade test for intraoral sites of neuropathic pain is mucosal application of topical anaesthetics. Other, more specific, tests include placebo controlled lignocaine infusions for assessing neuropathic pain, and placebo controlled phentolamine infusions for sympathetically maintained pain. The treatment and management of neuropathic pain is multidisciplinary. Medication rationalisation utilises first-line antineuropathic drugs including tricyclic antidepressants, and possibly an anticonvulsant. Topical applications of capsaicin to the gingivae and oral mucosa are a simple and effective treatment. Neuropathic pain responds poorly to opioid medication. Psychological assessment is often crucial in developing strategies for pain management. Psychological variables include distress, depression, expectations of treatment, motivation to improve, and background environmental factors. To enable a greater understanding of neuropathic pain, thereby leading to improved treatments, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is one analytical technique that has the potential to contribute to our knowledge base. This technique allows drugs and endogenous substances to be assayed from one sample in a relatively short time. The technique can identify, confirm, and measure the concentrations of multiple analytes from a single sample.